Power and the People Flashcards
When was the Magna Carta and who was king at the time?
1215
King John
What did King John do to upset the public?
- lost Normandy in 1206 and spent his reign trying to reclaim it
- taxed barons heavily (scutage)
- William de Briouze paid 40,000 marks to make peace with the king but he still imprisoned his wife and children
- chose his own Archbishop of Canterbury leading to his excommunication by Pope Innocent III
What were some important clauses of the Magna Carta?
Clause 1 - defended freedom and rights of English Church
Clause 39 - no man can be imprisoned without lawful judgement
Clause 12 - the king had to consult key officials before the introduction of tax
What was important about Clause 12 of the Magna Carta?
Americans used it to rebel against tax as they had no representation in parliament in 1776
When was the Peasants Revolt and who was king at the time?
1381
King Richard II
Why did the Peasants Revolt happen?
Poll tax (meaning everyone had to pay an equal amount)
Who took part in the Peasants Revolt?
7000 peasants lead by John Ball and Wat Tyler
What was the outcome of the Peasants Revolt?
Richard II said he’d meet to some demands and the peasants went home, but were later massacred
When was the Pilgrimage of Grace and who was king at the time?
1536-1537
King Henry VIII
Where did the Peasants march towards in the Peasants Revolt and what did they do?
London
Beheaded the Treasurer and Archbishop of Canterbury in the Tower of London
Who was involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace and where did they march to?
30,000 including clergy marched on York
What was the outcome of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Henry VIII have into some demands and invited Robert Aske for Christmas. Poor communication led to another riot up north and Henry massacred 216 people
Why did the Pilgrimage of Grace happen?
- dissolution of monasteries
- poor harvests
- rumours of new taxes
When did the Civil War happen and who was king at the time?
1642-1645
Charles I
What led to Charles I calling parliament present to the Civil War?
The introduction of a new prayer book in Scotland to please his catholic wife Henrietta Maria of France leading to riots and the necessary raising of an army
How had Charles I ruled without parliament?
11 years
What happened when Charles I called parliament?
John Hampdem and John Pymm led the opposition and parliament demanded triannual parliament and protection against dissolution
How much was parliaments New Model Army paid?
8 pence for infantry
2 shillings for cavalry
What did Charles do to upset parliament and force them to war?
Attempted to arrest 5 MPs with 400 soldiers
When was Charles I executed?
1649
When were the Putney Debates?
1647
What were the Levellers demands?
Free speech, full suffrage and annual parliament
When was the Peterloo Massacre?
1819
What was the occasion at which the Peterloo massacre occurred?
100,000 people came to watch Henry Hunt talk about reform, universal suffrage and electoral districts
How many people did the militia kill and injure in the Peterloo Massacre?
11 killed, 400 injured
What did the Reform Act of 1832 do?
- Equalised boroughs
- Extended qualifications for voting to 20% of the public (people who owned property and earned £10 a year
What did the Reform Act of 1867 do?
Adjusted representation
What did the Reform Act of 1884 do?
Home ownership was the only voting qualification
What did the Chartists demand?
Vote for all men over 21, secret ballot, equal electoral districts, payment for MPs and annual parlaiments
What years did the Chartists petition to parliament and how many signatures did each petition get?
- 1839 with 1 million+
- 1842 with 3 million+
- 1848 with 5 million+
What caused the general strike of 1926?
British government were about to reduce wages and create worse conditions for 1.2 million miners
How many miners striked in 1926?
1.7 million
What was the outcome of the general strike of 1926?
TUC gave up after 9 days
What years were the Anti-Corn Law League active?
Early 1800s
What was the Anti-Corn Law League’s aim?
To reduce tax on corn and oats
Who was part of the Anti Corn Law League?
Farmers and factory owners
What was the outcome of the Anti Corn Law League?
Sir Robert Peal repealed the corn laws in 1846 following the Irish potato famine
What years were the Todpuddle Martyrs significant?
1834-1837
What were the Todpuddle Martyrs?
6 agricultural workers who formed a small union when their pay had been cut from 10 to 7 shillings a week
What were the Todpuddle Martyrs punishment?
7 years transportation to Australia
What was the public’s response to the trial of the Todpuddle Martyrs?
200,000 people marched to parliament with a petition of 800,000 names
What years were the Ladies of Langham Palace active and what did they do?
1850s and 1860s
Improve the status of women via education and medical training
What led to the formation of the passive NUWSS?
The exclusion of women from the Reform Act of 1867
Who set up the WSPU and when?
Emeline Pankhurst in 1903
When did Emily Davidson die?
1913
How did the NUWSS grow in the 1900s?
12,000 to 50,000
When were women over 30 given the vote?
1918
When were women given the same voting rights as men?
1928
What are 4 people that were instrumental in the anti-slavery movement?
Thomas Clarkson
Granville Sharp
William Wilberforce
Olaudah Equiano
