Elizabethan Flashcards
Who is Elizabeth’s parents?
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
When was Elizabeth born?
May 1536
What languages could Elizabeth speak fluently?
French, Italian, Spanish and Latin
How many times did Parliament allow new taxations?
10 times
What is Sir William Cecil’s also known as?
Lord Burghley
What was Sir William Cecil’s job?
Secretary of State, Member of Parliament
What was Sir Francis Walsingham’s job?
Spy master
What was Sir Christopher Hatton’s job?
Helped organise Elizabeth’s progresses and elected to Parliament 7 times
What were four suitors for Elizabeth?
Phillip II of Spain
Duke of Alencon
Eric of Sweden
Charles of Austria
Why did Puritans not like the theatre?
aligned it with Ancient Romans and saw it as the work of the devil
What happened in 1580 and how was it interpreted?
earthquake interpreted as God’s wrath against theatre
What did a law passed in 1572 do?
required all actors to be licensed but just encouraged them to open theatres
What was the Elizabethan phrase for hierarchy?
The Great Chain of Being
How had London’s population grown from the start of the Tudor era?
quadrupled to 200,000
What were some playwrights?
Shakespeare, Christopher Marlon and Thomas Dekker
How much did population rise from 1550 to 1600
43%
What events crippled the public in the 1590s?
poor harvests and the plague
What did each Poor Law do?
1563 Act - each town was to provide work for the unemployed and set up workhouses
1572 Act - begging was forbidden and have an Overseer of the Poor who essentially collected bursaries
1598 Act - first compulsory poor law tax
Who did England trade with in the Far East?
East India Company for silks, spice, cotton and tea
Who did England trade with in Scandinavia?
Levant Company for timber, tar, canvas and rope
Who discovered South America and when?
Amerigo Vespucci in 1498
What voyages did Sir Francis Drake make?
Circumnavigation 1577-1580 earning £400,000
How did Sir Walter Raleigh impact the British Empire?
Founded Virginia, a stronghold for the British colonisation of America
What was Elizabeth’s response to the Spanish Ambassador demanding punishment for Drake?
Nighted him
When was Raleigh imprisoned?
1592
What was the Act of Supremacy 1559?
Placed Elizabeth as Supreme Governor of the Church of England and required all clergy to swear an oath recognising it
What compromises did Elizabeth make for catholics in the Church of England?
Decorative altars and clergy had to wear traditional vestments
What was the Act of Uniformity 1559?
Improve clarity in what the Church of England believed in with a new prayer book
What happened on St Bartholemews Day in France 1572?
Thousands of Protestants were massacred
What were Jesuits?
People that were loyal to the Pope and tried to convert rich families to Catholicism and rebel against Elizabeth in 1580s
What did the Act of 1585 state?
Against Jesuits and Seminary Priests
- becoming a priest was treason
- priests were given 40 days to leave
What happened to Edmund Campon as a result of the Act of 1585?
Walsingham’s spy network found him and he was tortured and executed
How did Elizabeth upset Puritans?
- compromise in the Church of England
- rejected any bills put forward by Puritan MPs
- banned MPs from discussing religion in 1576 leading to Peter Wentworth’s imprisonment
What was the Papal Bull?
Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth
When was the Northern Rebellion?
1567
When was the Ridolfi Plot?
1571
When was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583
When was the Babington Plot?
1586
What did England trade with Protestant Netherlands?
Cloth
What were three theatres in London?
The Globe, The Swan and The Rose
Who did Philip appoint to lead the Armada?
Duke of Medina Sidonia
What did Elizabeth use to spot the Armada?
A system of beacons and men spread out along the coast
How many men did Elizabeth raise from each county?
20,000
When was the Armada spotted?
19th July 1588
When was the Battle of Gravelines and what happened?
29th July 1588
Spanish were sailing into the wind
5 Spanish ships were sunk and 100 sailors died
What did Drake do to the Spanish fleet on the 28th of July?
Sent in fireships to the fleet anchored at Calais
How did John Hawkins improve English ships?
Made them smaller, lighter and more manoeuvrable than Spanish galleons
How many ships were in the English navy and how many were battleships?
200 and 34 battleships
Who led the Spanish in the Netherlands?
Parma
How many Spanish sailors died returning home?
20,000
How many Spanish ships were wrecked out of the original 130?
70
Who was Elizabeth’s heir?
James VI of Scotland
When did Elizabeth die?
February 1603
