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LMAP-2 > Power and Politics [Global Health and Governance] > Flashcards

Power and Politics [Global Health and Governance] Flashcards

1
Q

What branch of a broader ethical principle does utilitarianism come from?

A

consequentialism

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2
Q

What are the 4 pillars of ethics? Who founded them and when?

A
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3
Q

What does consequentialism argue?

A

that the ethical validity of an action is based on the outcome of that action

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4
Q

What does utilitarianism focus on maximising?

A

human welfare / well-being

“the most happiness and the least unhappiness for the largest number of people”

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5
Q

What branch of ethics does the phrase “the greatest good for the greatest number” fall into?

A

utilitarianism

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6
Q

“the most happiness and the least unhappiness for the largest number of people”

How is this idea termed?

A

“hedonic calculus”

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7
Q

What are the 2 most important programmes that protect against infectious disease?

A
  1. WASH
  2. Vaccination
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8
Q

What is distributive justice?

A

Distributive justice concerns the fair allocation of resources among diverse members of a communit

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9
Q

What thought experiment did John Rawls propose that argued for distributive justice?

A

The “Veil of Ignorance”

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10
Q

What is the idea of social justice in one sentence?

A

the idea that everyone should have their fair chance.

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11
Q

What is Politics (with a big P)?

A

relates to political parties and the philosophy of government

It’s driven by politicians – typically-elected, decision-makers who take countries forward.

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12
Q

What is politics (with a small P)?

A

that process of us gaining or applying power in our local group or organisation

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13
Q

What is ‘left-wing’ traditionally associated with? What do we call people who are left-leaning?

A

challenging the status quo

liberal

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14
Q

What is ‘right-wing’ traditionally associated with? What do we call people who are right-leaning?

A

loyal to tradition and the current situation

conservative

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15
Q

What are you called if you are neither left-leaning nor right-leaning on a single-axis approach to political ideology?

A

centrist

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16
Q

Describe the 2-axis approach to political ideology.

A
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17
Q

What did John Stuart believe in regard to libertarianism? How does that relate to today’s economic/politic situation?

A

He believed that the state should not interfere in individual autonomy.
He would only countenance government interference if someone else is coming to harm.

  • being comfortable with free markets and capitalism
  • belief that people make their own choices for good (or for ill).
18
Q

What did Marx and Lenin believe in regard to collectivism?

A

more egalitarian states of affairs

–where people are yielded equal opportunities and where wealth is re-distributed partially by progressive taxation, or wholly by state action on salaries or company profits.

19
Q

“The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.”

What is this quote also known as?

A

The Harm Principle

(written by John Stuart Mill 1806-73, in On Liberty)

20
Q

What is this figure known as?

A

The Intervention Ladder from the Nuffield Council on Bioethics

21
Q

What is a stakeholder?

A

An individual or organisation that has an interest in what you’re doing.

22
Q

What are ‘partners’ in the context of stakeholders?

A

a specific subgroup who are central to the success of whatever it is you are trying to achieve

23
Q

What do you need to know about your stakeholders in order to bring about change? (3)

A
  • who they are; go-to person
  • do they support you?
  • what can they do for you?
24
Q

Define power.

A

The ability to exercise one’s will over others.

25
Q

Define authority.

A

The ability to influence people and outcomes.

It’s about being listened to.

26
Q

What are coalitions?

A

A group of stakeholders who work together for a shared goal.

27
Q

What is the term used to describe the step-by-step gradual change in the context of policy or organisations?

A

incremental change

28
Q

What determines the pace of change?

A

the pace of the slowest decision maker

29
Q

What is meant to be the opposite of incremental change?

A

transformative change
- fast-paced; deep-routed

30
Q

What is groupthink?

A

the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group, resulting typically in unchallenged, poor-quality decision-making.

31
Q

What factors are essential to avoid groupthink?

A

diversity
challenge

32
Q

Whare some key aspects of achieving change?

A

Collaboration
Compromise
Advocacy

33
Q

What is the fiduciary duty?

A

When someone has a fiduciary duty to someone else, the person with the duty must act in a way that will benefit someone else financially.

The person who has a fiduciary duty is called the fiduciary, and the person to whom the duty is owed is called the principal or the beneficiary.

34
Q

What does UI stand for?

What does it mean?

A

useful idiot

In political jargon, a useful idiot is a term currently used to reference a person perceived as propagandizing for a cause—particularly a bad cause originating from a devious, ruthless source—without fully comprehending the cause’s goals, and who is cynically being used by the cause’s leaders.

35
Q

What is the difference between a wicked and tame problem?

A

Tame problem:
a problem that you can find a solution to
- they require a plan

Wicked problem:
a problem that is difficult to find a solution to / can’t find a solution
- you have a problem, you bring a solution, you have more problems
- the problem adapts to the ‘solutions’
- they require a strategy

36
Q

What is MECE? What does it mean?

Every point on the list must be mutually exclusive — there should be no overlaps and every item must be independent of each other.

A

Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive

37
Q

How does stakeholder analysis work?

A
  1. establish stakeholders
  2. rate power (high, moderate, low)
  3. rate interest
  4. determine support (against, neutral, for)
38
Q

How can we put our stakeholders on a x/y graph / map?

A

power y-axis
interest x-axis

39
Q

How should we manage stakeholders in the 4 quadrants of a graphical presentation of stakeholder power, interest and support?

A

VERY USEFUL, go over

40
Q

What does SWOT stand for?

What is it?

What are two other AKAs?

A

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

a strategic planning and strategic management technique used to help a person or organization identify Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats related to business competition or project planning.

AKA: situational assessment ; situational analysis.

LMAP-2 (7 decks)

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