power and control Flashcards
Parsons
clear division of labour between spouses:
- instrumental role: husband, succeeds at work to provide for the family, breadwinner
- expressive role: wife, primary socialisation of children, homemaker, full time housewife
benefits man, women, children and wider society as they are biologically suited for these roles
A03 parsons
Young and willmott say men are doing more domestic work and wives are becoming wage earners
elizabeth bott
2 types of conjugal roles in marriage:
- segregated conjugal roles: separate roles (male breadwinner) different leisure activities
- joint conjugal roles = opposite
young and willmott
SYMMETRICAL FAMILY:
- march of progress view: family life is gradually improving for all as members are becoming more equal
- move towards joint conjugal roles eg women work and men help with housework
Rise of symmetrical NF as a result of major social changes for example:
- changes in women’s position
- advances in tech eg air fryer, freezers etc
- higher standards of living
what do feminists reject
march of progress view: argue little has changed and men and women are still unequal
Ann Oakley
- young and willmott overexaggerate for example husband helping could be taking children on a walk
Her research: - some evidence of husbands helping but none of symmetry
- 15% of husbands had a higher level of helping
Ann Oakley: rise of housewife role
- house wife role = dominant as a result of industrialisation:
- women gradually excluded from work
place and confined to home - enforces economic dependence on
husband
- women gradually excluded from work
impact of paid work - the trend towards equality
- 3/4 cohabiting/married women are economically active - oakley = out of date
- has women’s economic dependence decreased amount of house work or has it created a dual burden
impact of paid work - the trend towards equality - Gershunny
Found women who worked full time did less housework:
- not working wives = 83% housework. Working part time: 82%. Full time: 73% - longer she had been doing housework = more husband was likely to do
- although men are doing more housework they tend to take responsibility for different tasks so conjugal roles can still be segregated
Commercialisation of housework - Silver and Schor
they stress the importance of 2 major economic developments in reducing burden of housework:
1. house work has become commercialised goods and services previously produced themselves = now available at supermarkets, takeaways etc reducing domestic labour
2. women working: can afford goods and services
- argues these have led to the ‘death of the housewife’
A03 silver and schor
poorer women cant afford expensive goods and services
Commercialisation of housework: Dual burden
Ferri and smith:
- increase in women employment has had little impact on domestic division of labour
based on a sample of 33yr old mums and dads. Found: 4% fathers primarily took childcare responsibility
commercialisation of housework: emotion work
For example taking days off if child is ill
Hoschild:
domestic work is a labour of love
Duncombe and marsden:
triple shift: emotion work, domestic work and paid work
lesbian couple and gender scripts
Gillian Dunne:
- Division of labour continues dues to deeply ingrained gender scripts - deeply ingrained expectations/norms of each gender in heterosexual relations
contrasts this with lesbian couples:
STUDY: 37 cohabiting lesbian couples
FOUND:
- symmetry of housework and childcare
- importance of both careers, childcare viewed positively
A03 gillian Dunne - lesbian couples and gender scripts
Weeks: same sex relations offer greater possibility for equality:
- division of labour = open to negotiation not patriarchal tradition
