Power and Authority Flashcards
What was the name of the constitution that was made in Germany after World War I?
Weimar Constitution
What is dolchstosslegende?
Stab in the back legend
What is the date the Treaty of Versailles was signed?
28 June, 1919
What event took place in November 1923 that was a Nazi failed attempt to seize power?
Munich Beer Hall Putsch
What were the four organs of state terror?
SA, SS, Gestapo and concentration camps
What pact was signed in the early stages of the Weimar Republic to ensure the revolutions were over?
Ebert-Groener Pact
What are the ‘three K’s’? In German and English.
Kinder, Kirche and Kuche (children, church and kitchen)
What does VOLKSGEMEINSCHAFT mean?
The people’s community to which Aryan workers belonged
What is the Night of Long Knives also referred to as?
Operation Hummingbird
Name 3 prominent figures in the Nazi state and their role within the party.
Joseph Goebbels – Propaganda minister
Hermann Goering – Chief of the Luftwaffe
Rudolph Hess – Third in charge
Reinhard Heydrich – Head of the SD
Heinrich Himmler – Head of the SS
Baldur von Schirach – Reich Youth leader
Albert Speer – Armaments Minister
What was the KPD (Communist Party in Germany) originally known as?
Spartacists
What does NSDAP stand for?
Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party
Who was the leading political figure in Germany between 1924 and 1929 who brought stability to Germany?
Gustav Stresemann
What was the Enabling Act of 23 March, 1933?
It gave Hitler total power for 4 years
What was the name of the economic policy that Bruning pursued during the Great Depression?
Deflation
What was the age of the Jungfolk and Jungmadel?
10-14 years
What event took place on the 9th of November, 1938?
Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass)
What was Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass)
In two days, over 250 synagogues were burned, over 7,000 Jewish businesses were trashed and looted, dozens of Jewish people were killed, and Jewish cemeteries, hospitals, schools, and homes were looted while police and fire brigades stood by
What was Lebensborn?
A place an unmarried woman could go to meet a racially pure SS man for the purpose of becoming pregnant.
What was signed on 22 May, 1939?
Pact of Steel. Pact between Germany and Italy
What was the fundamental purpose of the League of Nations?
Preservation of world peace
What was the Paris Peace Conference (PPC)
Jan 1919. Led to treaty of Versailles.
Redrew Central Europe.
Led to League of Nations
Who stated “(the PPC was) six months that changed the world”
M Macmillan
What were to the impact of the Treaty of Versailles
Imposed harsh economic measures on Germany. Reparations resulted in inflation occurring.
Anger, mutinies
Stab in Back Myth
What was the stab in the back Myth?
Jews, democrats and socialists sabotaged Germany by signing the treaty of Versailles.
Who stated ‘The signature of the peace treaty (Versailles) cast a long shadow over the political life of the 1920s…’
W Carr:
What conditions that allowed dictators to rise in interwar period in Russia?
Death of Lenin, unrest due to WWI/Civil War, power of Secretariat allowed Stalin to take power.
What conditions that allowed dictators to rise in interwar period in Italy?
WWI, Great Depression, PPC, New Democratic measures
What conditions that allowed dictators to rise in interwar period in Japan?
Great Depression, military expansion, faction power struggles, Tosei took over key roles and became a dictator.
What were the outcomes of the November 1923 Munich Beer Hall Putsch?
Hitler sentenced to 5 years (only served 9 months), convinced Nazi’ they needed to take power politically.
Hitler writing Mein Kampf
What factors allowed Nazi Party to rise in power?
Great Depression (1929-1930)
Propaganda and Terror
Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Joined leader of German Nationalist Party Hugenburg
Consolidation of Nazi power in early 1933?
Reichstag fire -> turned public view against communism.
Reichstag election, by joining with nationalist party Nazi gains a majority.
Consolidation of Nazi power in late 1933?
Trade unions banned (power of people decreased) Burning of Books Political Parties banned Hindenburg Dies- Hitler President Editorial laws - Nazi controls media
Consolidation of Nazi power in early 1934?
Night of long knives - June, hundreds of opponents and SA member’s
Parliaments and Reichstag abolished- power centralized
What was the Nazi ideology?
Anti-Seminist (blmaed jews for everything)
Racial superiority/purity
Lebensraum (living space) to unite all German speakers in the Reich
Eliminate undesirables (mentally ill, disabled, homosexual ect..)
What laws were created in 1935?
Nuremburg Laws- Jews no longer citizens and Germans and Jews not allowed to marry or sexual relationships
Blood Protection Act
Germans and Jews not allowed to marry or sexual relationship
Reich Citizenship Act
Jews no longer citizens within Germany
What Year did Kristallnacht occur?
1938, Jews were attacked, thousands sent to concentration camps.
Quote from the Nazi programme
‘None but those of German blood… may be members of the German nation.’
“…the Jews had been excluded either by law or by Nazi terror… at least half of them were without means of livelihood.” This quote is from who?
W Shirer
Hermann Georing’s role and fate?
Raised for an army career, served in WWI.
Participated in Munich Putsch, established concentration camps, initially ran Gestapo and SS, initially Hitler’s successor, led German Air Force.
Committed suicide in Allied custody.
Joseph Goebbels role and fate?
Became president of Ministry of Propaganda—organised burning of the books, national boycott of Jewish businesses, indoctrinated people and spread ideology.
Replaced Hitler as Chancellor, killed his family and himself to avoid capture
Heinrich Himmler role and fate?
Initially propaganda leader, became head of the SS and Gestapo and Hitler’s personal bodyguard. Organised the Night of the Long Knives and ran concentration camps. Ruthless, committed, fanatical. Enforced racial purity and breeding.
Committed suicide in Allied custody
Albert Speer role and fate?
Joined Nazi party due to fear of communism, hatred of the Treaty of Versailles. Became a close friend of Hitler in the 1930s.
By 1937—Nazi’s leading architect, 1941—supported war effort. Increased German munitions and machinery output and made railways more efficient.
Evicted thousands of Jews and ignored the Final Solution
Sentenced to 20 years for forced labour.
How did the Nazi Party use terror to maintain control?
Stormtroopers/SA- Street Thugs
Gestapo- The secret police, spied and arrsed enemies of the state, encourages people to report others.
Concentration Camps (1933)- people released spread fear
SS- Ran concentration camps and enforced law and order
How did the Nazi Party use Laws to maintain control?
Enabling Act- Hitler could pass any law he wanted
Nuremberg Laws- rejected Jew’s rights in Germany
Editorial Laws- Nazi controlled media
How did the Nazi Party use Repression to maintain control?
Cultural repression (burning of the books, banning of jazz music, banning of catholic youth groups, Kristallnacht)
How did the Nazi Party use Cult of Personality to maintain control?
Replaced traditional religion.
He was worshiped as a deity and demanded unconditional obedience.
Grunberger: ‘there was little evidence that the German people felt any hatred for him, even in the midst of destruction [after the war].’
German Labour Front
Replaced trade unions, workers weren’t allowed to bargain for a higher wag. Working hour restrictions removed (some worked 60-72 hours a week)
