Apartheid in South Africa 1960-1994

Question 1

What decade did apartheid begin in South Africa?

Answer 1

1930s

Question 2

What was the name of the political party in power during apartheid?

Answer 2

The National Party

Question 3

What was the percentage of Africans in South Africa in the 1960s?

Answer 3

68%

Question 4

What were the Bantustans?

Answer 4

Ethnic tribal homelands for black people

Question 5

How much of South Africa’s land was set aside for white residents, despite the fact that they comprised less than 10% of the population.

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

What happened on the 21 March, 1960?

Answer 6

Sharpeville Massacre

Question 7

What year was the Treason Trial?

Answer 7

1956

Question 8

State two of the multiple significant impacts of the Sharpeville massacre.

Answer 8

Government response – the country was shocked so marches and stop work resulted.

International impact – UN passed a resolution (No 134) and expressed anger at SA, offered families sympathy and international isolation began

ANC and PAC response – forced to go underground

Economic impact – investors withdrew funds and a drop off of white immigration

Question 9

What was the name of the trial where Nelson Mandela and other ANC members were sentenced to prison in 1963?

Answer 9

Rivonia Trial

Question 10

Steve Biko was a member of SASO. What is SASO?

Answer 10

South African Students Organisation

Question 11

Afrikaner

Answer 11

Term used by original Dutch settlers and their descendants to describe themselves

Question 12

African National Congress (ANC)

Answer 12

Key black organisation opposing white supremacy, created in 1912 as the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), renamed in 1923.

Question 13

What was on the 21st March 1960?

Answer 13

Sharpeville Masacre

Question 14

Prohibition of Marriages Act (1949)

Answer 14

Prohibition of marriage between whites and any other racial group

Question 15

Immorality Act (1950)

Answer 15

Prohibition of adultery, attempted adultery or related ‘immoral’ acts such as sexual intrcource between white and black people.

Question 16

The Population Registration Act (1950)

Answer 16

All South Africans must be racially classified into one of three categories: white (both parents), black (part of an african race or tribe), coloured (neither black nor white).

Pencil test could be used as a decider.

Question 17

The Group Areas Act (1950)

Answer 17

Residential separation compulsory - legal provisions on the specific areas where people of different population groups could own property, reside and work - to prevent non-whites from entering white-only areas

Question 18

The Suppression of Communism Act (1950)

Answer 18

Formally banned Communist Party of South Africa, proscribed any party or group subscribing to communism according to a uniquely broad definition of the term.

Effect
○ Frequently used to silence critics of racial segregation and apartheid
○ Facilitated government suppression of organisations

Question 19

The Bantu Authorities Act (1951)

Answer 19

Objective to keep black people permanently from urban areas - set up “homelands” - granted independent status by central agreement - under chiefs subordinate to masters in Pretoria - lose SA citizenship and voting rights

Question 20

The Native Laws Amendment Act (1952)

Answer 20

Narrowed definition of category of blacks who had the right to permanent residence in towns - limited this to those who’d been born in a town and had lived there continuously for at least 15 years or worked there for 10 years

Question 21

The Abolition of Passes Act (1952)

Answer 21

Further measure by govt to curb labour mobility - Introduction of reference book bearing photographs, details of origin, employment record, tax payments, fingerprints, encounters with police - repealed regional pass laws - made it nation-wide

Question 22

Bantu Education Act (1953) -

Answer 22

Establishment of a separate educational system, to ‘provide Blacks with skills to serve their own people in the homelands’

Question 23

The Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)

Answer 23

Asserted anyone accompanying a person found guilty of offences committed during protests, or accompanied campaigns against harsh laws - presumed guilty and would have the responsibility to prove his or her innocence - repealed 1982

Question 24

The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)

Answer 24

Separate amenities for different racial groups, these facilities not the same quality for different groups - segregation signs displayed across the country

Question 25

Native Labour (Settlement of disputes) Act (1953)

Answer 25

Prohibited registered trade unions from accepting black workers as members and forbade black workers to strike

Question 26

Referendum to become a Republic

Answer 26

Cut all ties with British commonwealth, in 1961

Question 27

What happened at the Sharpeville Massacre?

Answer 27

Police opened fire on protesters. 69 people killed and 180 wounded. 49 were also killed in Cape Town around the same time.

Question 28

What was the Umkhonto we size (spear of the nation)?

Answer 28

A branch of the now underground ANC. Pursued a policy of violence and sabotage against power stations and gov buildings.. Objective was to harm white economy.

Question 29

Nelson Mandela

Answer 29

1944 - Youth leader of ANC
1956- arrested on charges of treason, went to trail and acquitted in 1961
1955- Helped draft freedom Charter
Became leader of the spear of the nation

Question 30

What was the Freedom Charter?

Answer 30

Adopted at the Congress of people on 26 June 1955

• All the right to vote
• National groups have equal rights
• People share the countries wealth
• Land shared among those who work it
• All equal before the law
• All enjoy equal human rights
• Doors of learning opened to all
• Houses, security, and comfort
• Peace and friendship

Question 31

What was the Riviona Trial?

Answer 31

Police arrest MK executives and ANC members.

• Were arrested and charged with treason
• World’s attention on trial (death penalty withdrawn by government)
• Life in Prison on Robben Island
• Mandela included