Power

Question 1

What is Political Power

Answer 1

Power held by those with the backing of the law

Question 2

What is Personal Power

Answer 2

Power held by individuals as a result of their roles in organisations

Question 3

What is Social Group Power

Answer 3

Power held as a result of being a member of a dominant social group

Question 4

What is Instrumental Power

Answer 4

Power used to maintain and enforce authority

Question 5

What is Influential Power

Answer 5

Power used to influence and persuade others

Question 6

What is Power in the Discourse

Answer 6

The ways in which power is manifested in situations through language

Question 7

What is Practical Power

Answer 7

Power through physical actions, violence, skill, money, goods or services

Question 8

What is Power behind the Discourse

Answer 8

The focus on social and ideological reasons behind the enactment of power

Question 9

What types of power did Wearing suggest

Answer 9

• Political Power
• Personal Power
• Social Group Power

Question 10

What ideas did Norman Fairclough suggest

Answer 10

• Instrumental Power
• Influential Power
• Power in the Discourse
• Power behind the Discourse

Question 11

What are the 2 different types of modal auxiliaries

Answer 11

Epistemic and Deontic

Question 12

What is Epistemic modality

Answer 12

Constructions that express degrees of possibility, probability or certainty
e.g. Could

Question 13

What is Deontic Modality

Answer 13

Constructions that express degrees of necessity and obligation
e.g. Will

Question 14

What is synthetic personalisation

Answer 14

Using personalised language, e.g. ‘You’ to construct a relationship with the audience

Question 15

What is Power Asymmetry in spoken discourse

Answer 15

A marked difference on the power status of individuals involved in discourse

Question 16

What is the ‘Powerful Participant’ in spoken discourse

Answer 16

A speaker with a higher status in a given context, who is therefore able to impose a degree of power

Question 17

What is the ‘Less powerful participants’ in spoken discourse

Answer 17

Those with less status in a given context, who are subject to constraints imposed by more powerful participants

Question 18

What are constraints

Answer 18

Ways in which powerful participants may block or control the contributions of less powerful participants e.g. Controlling context or interrupting

Question 19

What is formulation

Answer 19

The rewording of another’s contribution by a powerful participant to impose a certain meaning or understanding

Question 20

What is ‘positive face’

Answer 20

The need to feel wanted, liked and appreciated

Question 21

What is ‘negative face’

Answer 21

The need to have freedom of thought and action and not feel imposed on

Question 22

What is Rhetoric

Answer 22

The art of persuasive discourse

Question 23

Aristotle established 3 key types of Rhetoric, what are they

Answer 23

• Ethos - dependant upon the individual character of the speaker or writer, this will determine the viewpoint and tone chosen for the discourse
• Pathos - form of persuasion with works on the emotions of the audience, directly appealing to their sensitivities
• Logos - based on reasoned argument, the structure is important since it will help convince the audience of the logo of that is being said or written

Question 24

What is Alliteration

Answer 24

The repetition of a consonant, often in the initial position
e.g. Help Labour Build a Better Britain

In advertisements, captions and headlines this device can be used to make the text more eye catching and memorable

Question 25

What are the 6 types of power

Answer 25

• Influential Power
• Instrumental Power
• Personal Power
• Political Power
• Social Group Power
• Practical Power