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DDS LAB > Powders > Flashcards

Powders Flashcards

1
Q

dry finely divided drugs &/ or chemicals

A

POWDERS

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1
Q

intimate mixtures of drugs

A

POWDERS

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2
Q

intended for internal (oral powder) or external use (topical powder)

A

POWDERS

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3
Q

taken orally after mixing with water

A

Internal use of powders

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4
Q

taken orally after mixing with water

A

INTERNAL USE

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5
Q

medicated powders (e.g. analgesic powder)

A

INTERNAL USE:

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6
Q

dusted on the affected area from sifter-type container or applied from powder aerosol

A

EXTERNAL USE

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7
Q

should bear a label marked EXTERNAL USE ONLY

A

EXTERNAL USE

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8
Q

Advantages of Powder

  1. Faster rate of dissolution & absorption/rapid therapeutic
    effect (large surface area)
  2. More stable than liquid
  3. More convenient to swallow than tablet or capsules
  4. Ease in compounding (for eutectic mixture)
  5. Used in blending with medicated application as ointments,
    suppositories and pastes
  6. Can be made into granules for preparing tablets and or
    reconstituted to liquid form
A
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9
Q

Disadvantages of Powder
1. Can’t mask undesirable taste
2. Inconvenient to carry
3. Difficulty of protecting from decomposition (hygroscopic,
deliquescent or aromatic materials)
4. Time and expenses required in the preparation of uniform
powders
5. Inaccuracy in dose

A
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10
Q

reducing the particle size of the powder to increase the solubility of the powder

A

Comminution/Particle size reduction

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11
Q

uses large mills & pulverizers

A

Large Scale

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12
Q

utilizes trituration, pulverization by intervention, levigation

A

Extemporaneous or Small scale

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13
Q

grinding a drug with the use of mortar & pestle

A

Trituration

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14
Q

Trituration on rough surface

A

Porcelain mortar

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15
Q

Trituration on smooth surface

A

Glass mortar

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16
Q

adding of volatile substance that aid in pulverization process (e.g. alcohol & camphor)

A

Pulverization with Intervention-

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17
Q

commonly used in small scale preparation of ointments to reduce the grittiness of added powders

A

Levigation

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18
Q

small amount of liquid in which the powder is insoluble (e.g. mineral oil, glycerin)

A

Levigating agent

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19
Q

is form by combining a powder and a levigating agent

A

paste

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20
Q

when 2 or more powdered substance are to be combined to form a uniform mixture it is best to reduce
the particle size of each powder

A

Blending/Mixing-

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21
Q

reducing the particle size of solid (comminution) before mixing with other components, further processing, or
incorporation into a final product

A

Mixing

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22
Q

Advantages of Mixing:
◼ Increase surface area which may increase the dissolution area and bioavailability
◼ Facilitates drying of wet masses
◼ Improves blending or mixing
◼ Permits uniform distribution of coloring agents
◼ Improves the function of lubricants
◼ Improve the texture, appearance and physical stability

A
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23
Q

Disadvantages of Mixing:
◼ Can change the polymorphic form of the active ingredient
◼ Degrade the drying
◼ Decrease bulk density
◼ Decrease the particle size which can cause particle aggregation
◼ Decrease dissolution rate
◼ Increase surface area, adsorption

A
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24
Q

uses large mixers

A

Large Scale Blending/Mixing

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25
Q

Enumerate some Extemporaneous/ Small Scale blending

A

Spatulation
Trituration
Sifting
Tumbling
Geometric Dilution

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26
Q

movement of spatula on a sheet of paper/ointment tile

A

Spatulation

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27
Q

not suitable for large quantities of powders or powders containing potent substances.

A

Spatulation

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28
Q

suited to mixing solid substances that form eutectic mixtures (or liquefy when in close and prolonged contact with one another).

A

Spatulation

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29
Q

examples that form eutectic mixtures when combined:

A

phenol camphor menthol,
thymol aspirin

phenyl salicylate

other similar chemicals

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30
Q

to comminute and to mix powders

A

Trituration

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31
Q

uses mortar & pestle

A

Trituration

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32
Q

Enumerate the Kinds of Mortar & Pestle:

A
  1. Glass- non-porous, smooth surface (suspensions, ointments)
  2. Wedgewood- crystalline solids
  3. Porcelain- soft aggregates/ crystalline
  4. Metal- not to be used in reactive substance
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33
Q

powders mixed by passing through the sifters - results in light, fluffy product.

A

Sifting

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34
Q

what is the result when powders mixed by passing through the sifters

A

Light, fluffy product

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35
Q

not acceptable for incorporation of potent drugs into a diluent powder.

A

Sifting

36
Q

blending of powder in a rotating chamber (large vessel)

A

Tumbling

37
Q

What is used in blending of powder in a rotating chamber

A

large vessel

38
Q

use of a machine / motorized equipment (for industrial purposes).

A

Tumbling

39
Q

mixing is thorough but time consuming

A

Tumbling

40
Q

used when a small amount of potent substance is mixed with a large amount of diluent

A

Geometric Dilution

41
Q

ensure the uniform distribution of the potent drug.

A

Geometric Dilution

42
Q

combining by portions

A

Geometric Dilution

43
Q

What are indicated in a geometric dilution when the potent and other ingredients are?

A

Same color
Visible sign of mixing is lacking

44
Q

what ingredients are in convenient concentration using lactose as the diluents for
use at the Rx counter.

A

Strychnine sulfate, arsenic, mercury bichloride, atropine

45
Q

What are the methods of determing the particle size?

A

Sieving
Microscopy
Sedimentation rate
Light energy diffraction/light scattering
Laser holography
Cascade implication

46
Q

Particles passed by mechanical shaking through a series of sieves (from 40 to 9500 micrometers, depending upon
sieve sizes)

A

Sieving

47
Q

are made of wire cloth woven from brass, bronze or other suitable wire; they are not coated nor plated

A

Sieves-

48
Q

Particles are sized through the use of a calibrated grid back ground

A

Microscopy

49
Q

Particle size is determined by measuring the terminal settling velocity of particles through a liquid medium in a
gravitational or centrifugal environment (range: 0.8-300 micrometers)

A

Sedimentation rate

50
Q

Calculated using the Stoke’s Law.

A

Sedimentation rate

51
Q

Determined by the reduction in light reaching the sensor as it passes through a sensor; utilizes a He-Ne laser, silicon
diode photo diode detectors and an ultrasonic probe

A

Light energy diffraction/light scattering

52
Q

Pulsed laser is fired through an aerosolized particle spray and photographed in three dimensions with a holographic
camera, allowing the particles to be individually imaged and sized

A

Laser holography

53
Q

Driven by an airstreams will hit a surface in its path, provided that its inertia is sufficient to overcome the drag force
that tends to keep in the airstreams.

A

Cascade impaction

54
Q

Depending on their intended use, powders are packaged and dispensed by pharmacists as:

A

Bulk powders
Divided powders

55
Q

powders dispersed in bulk form

A

BULK POWDERS

56
Q

Medicated/Oral powders (antacid/ laxative powder)

A

BULK POWDERS

57
Q

Douche powder (vagina)

A

BULK POWDERS

58
Q

-Dissolve in warm water for vaginal use

A

Douche powder (vagina)

59
Q

-Device use to introduce a stream water into the body for medical or hygienic reason usually for vaginal irrigation or any
body cavity

A

Douche powder (vagina)

60
Q

non-medicated powder for external use: powders for ear, nose (Insufflations), throat, tooth sockets (dentrifices)

A

BULK POWDERS

61
Q

divided portion of powder administered in controlled dosage

A

DIVIDED POWDERS

62
Q

folded to enclose the medication

A

DIVIDED POWDERS

63
Q

Latin for divided powders?

A

Chartulae or Chartula

64
Q

Synonyms for divided powder?

A

Chart, powder paper, powder pockets

65
Q

What is method used in Divided powder?

A

Block and Divide method

66
Q

What preparation is divided powder

A

Preparation 1

67
Q

description of Divided powder

A

dispensed in individual doses, usually in folded paper

68
Q

Another type of dispensing for divided powders?

A

metal foil
small-heat sealed plastic bags

69
Q

What are disadvantages of divided powder?

A

Unpleasant Tase
Rapid Deteriotation

70
Q

What are the packaging materials used for divided powder?

A

Simple bond paper
Vegetable parchment
Glassine
Waxed paper

71
Q

opaque paper with no moisture-resistant properties

A

Simple bond paper

72
Q

thin semi-opaque paper with limited moisture-resistance

A

Vegetable parchment

73
Q

glazed transparent with limited moisture-resistance

A

Glassine

74
Q

transparent waterproof paper

A

Waxed paper

75
Q

absorb moisture but does not liquefy

A

Hygroscopic

76
Q

materials that liquefy

A

deliquescent

77
Q

what is the solution for hygroscopic or deliquescent materials of powder?

A

powders are double wrapped in waxed paper

78
Q

what is the solution for Limited barrier against moisture

A

Glassine & vegetable parchment papers

79
Q

what is the solution for volatile components

A

wrapped in waxed or glassine papers and placed them in a heat-sealed plastic bag

80
Q

what is the solution for neither volatile components nor ingredients adversely affected by air or moisture

A

wrapped in white bond paper

81
Q

What are the Commercially available sizes (powder papers)- choose a convenient size to hold the powders

A
  • 2.75 x 3.75 inches
  • 3 x 4.5 inches
  • 3.75 x 5 inches
  • 4.5 x 6 inches
82
Q

Divided powders can be prepared by:

A

Individual weighing
Block and divide method

83
Q

weigh separately before enfolding in a paper using a digital analytical balance

A

Individual weighing

84
Q

prepared powder were placed on a flat surface (porcelain, glass plate or pill tile)

A

Block & divide method

85
Q

using a spatula, form a rectangular or square block of powder having a uniform depth

A

Block & divide method

86
Q

-using a spatula, the divided portions were cut lengthwise & crosswise

A

Block & divide method

87
Q

-each smaller blocks is separated, transferred to the paper & wrapped

A

Block & divide method

88
Q
A

DDS LAB (9 decks)

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