Poverty Flashcards
Define absolute poverty
a condition where peoples’ incomes are too low to enable them to meet their basic needs
Define relative poverty (2)
a condition where people are poor in comparison to others in their country
their income is too low for them to enjoy the average standard of living for their country
Causes of poverty (5)
unemployment
being in low-paid work
lack of skills/education
rising cost of living
being ill/growing old
Define multidimensional poverty index
a measure of poverty based on education, health and standard of living
Health indicators for multidimensional poverty index (2)
nutrition
child mortality
Education indicators for multidimensional poverty index (2)
years of schooling
no. of children enrolled
Standard of living indicators for multidimensional poverty index (3)
cooking fuel
water
electricity
Government policy measures to reduce poverty (6)
improving quantity + quality of education
economic growth
national minimum wage
encouraging multinational companies to set up in country
providing state benefits
land reform
How economic growth reduces poverty (2)
increase in aggregate demand
will increase output + create jobs
How land reform reduces poverty (2)
make ownership of land more equal
may increase output + living standards
Measures to increase living standards (6)
improving education + training
reducing unemployment
improving healthcare
increasing/improving housing stock
improving working conditions
reducing pollution
Why may governments try to make the distribution of income and wealth more equal (2)
uneven distribution may be socially divisive
ensure everyone has access to a certain standard of living
How governments influence distribution of income (4)
taxation
provision of cash benefits
provision of freed state education + healthcare
using labour and macroeceonomic policies
