Population

Question 1

Emigration definition

Answer 1

act of leaving the country to live in another country

Question 2

Birth rate definition

Answer 2

the number of births in a year per 1000 population

Question 3

Death rate definition

Answer 3

the number of deaths in a year per 1000 population

Question 4

Net immigration definition

Answer 4

more people coming to live in the country than people leaving the country to live elsewhere

Question 5

Define infant mortality rate

Answer 5

the number of deaths per 1000 live births in a year

Question 6

Define net migration

Answer 6

difference between immigration and emigration

Question 7

Define a natural increase in population

Answer 7

when birth rate exceeds death rate

Question 8

Factors influencing death rate (4)

Answer 8

nutrition

medical care

involvement in military action

lifestyle

Question 9

When will birth rates be high (5)

Answer 9

young average aged population

infant mortality rate is high

women are not well educated

cheap to bring up children

lack of government care for elderly/sick

Question 10

Factors that influence net migration (2)

Answer 10

living standards at home and abroad

discrimination on groups/extent of control on people

Question 11

Define dependency ratio (2)

Answer 11

proportion of population that has to be supported by the labour force

Number in dependent age groups/Number in labour force x 100

Question 12

Define optimum population (3)

Answer 12

number of people

when combined with other resources of land, capital and existing technical knowledge

gives the maximum output of goods/services per head of population

Question 13

Positive effects of an increase in population (5)

Answer 13

population is below optimum = make better use of its resources

market size will increase

extra demand

increase in labour force

increase in factor mobility - industries can recruit more workers familiar with new methods

Question 14

Negative effects of an increase in population (6)

Answer 14

famine - overpopulation + low agricultural productivity

restrictions on living standards - resources used on living standards are used to satisfy needs of extra population

overcrowding

environmental pressure

employment - government has to devote more resources to training the new increase of people

balance of payment - rise in imports

Question 15

Consequences of ageing population (5)

Answer 15

rise in dependency ratio

change in labour force - loss of experienced workers

higher demand for healthcare/welfare services

increase cost of pensions

change in pattern of demand

Question 16

Ways of coping with an ageing population (3)

Answer 16

raise retirement age

encouraging workers to save for retirement

encourage immigration of younger skilled workers

Question 17

Internal migration

Answer 17

workers migrating from rural to urban areas in search of better jobs + high incomes

Question 18

Positive effects of internal migration (2)

Answer 18

supply growing industries –> better allocation of resources

can send back money to relatives –> raise living standards in rural areas

Question 19

Negative effects of internal migration (2)

Answer 19

agricultural productivity may fall

no guarantee that jobs will be available in urban areas

Question 20

Effects of net emigration (5)

Answer 20

labour force will decrease

remaining labour force will have greater burden of dependency

shortage of skilled workers

may become under populated

emigrants may send money to their relatives