Poverty Flashcards
income poverty meaning
lack of basic necessities of material well being
relative poverty meaning
the phenomenon when the income needed for consumption expenditure of a section of a society is distinctively below the average income level of the society
meaning of human poverty
denial of opportunity for living a tolerable life
meaning of absolute poverty
a phenomenon where a section of society is unable to get even the basic necessities of life and thereby is unable to have a minimum standard of living
poverty definition
the situation in which an individual fails to earn sufficient income to buy him bare means of subsistence
poverty line definition
indicated the income level which is just sufficient to buy basic minimum quantity food and a few select non food items
measure in caloric intake
Vicious cycle of poverty meaning
Myrdals theory of circular and cumulative causation in underdeveloped counties explains poverty and underdevelopment in terms of forces where low income leads to low levels of living that keep productivity low which in turn contributes to low income and so on
Nurske explains the phenomenon in terms of vicious cycle of poverty
Vicious cycle of poverty refers to a situation of self reinforcing forces in which there are certain factors that are related in a circular way so as to result in continuation of poverty and underdevelopment
Vicious cycle of poverty meaning
Myrdals theory of circular and cumulative causation in underdeveloped counties explains poverty and underdevelopment in terms of forces where low income leads to low levels of living that keep productivity low which in turn contributes to low income and so on
Nurske explains the phenomenon in terms of vicious cycle of poverty
Vicious cycle of poverty refers to a situation of self reinforcing forces in which there are certain factors that are related in a circular way so as to result in continuation of poverty and underdevelopment
THREE VICIOUS CYCLES OF POVERTY
1- supply side of capital formation in underdeveloped countries, total ouput -low because of under development because of that productivity- low so, income- low savings- low investment- low capital- deficiency productivity- once again low income- low underdevelopment explained by capital deficiency- cause+ consequence of low income
2-demand side of capital formation
vicious circle of a limited market
low productivity-capital deficiency- low income
low income- small buying power of people
- results in limited market opportunities for entrepreneurs
investment then low
which results in capital deficiency once again
3- underdeveloped human and natural resources
development of natural resources depends on productive capacity of people
in underdeveloped countries,
people- illiterate+ economically backward
so natural resources- unutilised
but people are economically backward due to unutilised natural resources
PMGY
pradhan mantri gramoaya yojana
village level development in 5 areas- health, primary education, drinking water, housing, rural roads
FWP
food for work programme
augmenting food security through wage employment in drought affected rural areas in backward districts
wages paid in foodgrains and cash
KSSY
Krishi shramik suraksha yojana
aims at providing social security benefits to agricultural labourers in age group 18-60
MGNREGA
Mahatma gandhi national rural employment guarantee act
aims at providing livelihood security to rural households and tackle rural poverty and unemployment
SJSRY
swarna jayanti shahari rozgar yojana
aims to provide gainful employment to urban employed or unemployed below poverty line individuals
IAY
INDIra awas yojana
construction of houses for the rural poor
