Agriculture Flashcards
what is agricultural marketing
marketing of agricultural produce so cultivators are able to sell produce easily
defects on agricultural marketing in india
LACK OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
farmers lack collective bargaining
small farmers not united while selling produce
traders organised
bargaining power of farmers hence low and produce price then low
MULTIPLICITY OF INTERMEDIARIES
long chain of middlemen like wholesale merchants and commission agents between farmers and consumers.
large difference between price realised by farmers and paid by consumers for that reason
DISTRESSED SALE
forced to sell produce immediately after harvest because of poverty and loans so prices become low
LACK OF GRADING
don’t grade produce into qualities
giving merchants scope to exploit farmers
measures taken by the government to improve agricultural marketing system
ESTABLISHMENT OF REGULATED MARKETS
objective of regulated markets is to make the market system more transparent, eliminate unfair market practices, reduce market charge etc. Sale and purchase monitored by marketing committees and rules and regulations
STORAGE AND WAREHOUSING FACILITIES
in order to prevent distress sale
central and sate warehousing corporations + food corporation of India
UNIFORM STANNDARD WEIGHTS
standard weights and measures act passed making the use of govt approved weights mandatory reducing exploitation of farmers by traders
GRADING AND STANDARDISATION
Grading of agricultural products done under provisions of the agricultural produce act. stamped with seal AGMARK
Productive credit
includes fertilisers, pesticides, finances for purchase seeds or make land developments
cooperative marketing advantages
set up with the purpose of marketing surplus produce of farmers
advantages:
1- increases the bargaining power of farmers so they get fair price
2- cooperative marketing societies advance loans to prevent distress sale
unproductive credit
finance for consumption expenditure for social and religious purposes like marriages
Short medium and long term credit
funds needed for short periods to carry out normal agricultural operations like pay wages and rents- SHORT TERM CREDIT
funds to acquire fixed farm assets like improvements on land or purchase of animals+unproductive expenditures- MEDIUM TERM CREDIT
funds required for a long period of time like investment projects for production of expensive machines- LONG TERM CREDIT
non institutional sources of credit
traditional sources of agricultural credit
MONEY LENDERS
LANDLORDS AND OTHERS
institutional sources of credit- names reasons
institutions developed to meet the financial requirements of rural area
names- cooperative societies, commercial banks, regional rural banks, state govt, land development bank, + NABARD national bank for agriculture and rural development- apex
reasons- it provides
refinance assistance to cooperative societies and regional rural banks
coordinates agricultural financing activities of all agricultural cred institutions
has responsibility to improve agri credit system
shortcomings of cooperative credit institutions
INADEQUATE COVERAGE
covered only 65% of rural populations
only met small proportions of total borrowings of farmers
not adequate for demand
REGIONAL IMBALANCES
uneven growth throughout the country
some states have only a small amount of loan
meaning of agricultural diversification
it refers to the re allocation of productive resources such as land labour capital and farm equipment in the agricultural sector into new activities
impact of agricultural diversification
has massive impact
means to increase output, employment and sustainability
will help in providing supplementary gainful employment and in increasing income of rural people to overcome poverty
agricultural diversification post green revolution
DIVERSIFICATION OF CROPPING PATTERNS
diversification within crop sector
in favor of non food grain crops like cotton
shift from coarse cereals to superior cereals and cash crops
DIVERSIFICATION TOWARDS HORTICULTURE SECTOR
India leading exporter of horticulture products like bananas
among horticulture crops, vegetables-59% key driver of econ growth
DIVERSIFICATION TOWARDS ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND FISHERY SECTORS
output and employment increased
livestock farming has become important secondary source of income for many rural families
organic farming
method of farming that relies on techniques like crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control to maintain soil productivity and control pests on a farm
need for organic farming in india
1-
can overcome ill effects of modern farming by using conventional farming techniques, previously, modern farming techniques have resulted in environmental degradation , soil salinity and so on
2-
is needed to achieve sustainable agriculture development so one can attain goal of sustainable development
requires that quality of environment be maintained and conserved
