Poultry Production Flashcards
chick
newly hatched chicken
cockerel
juvenile male chicken
pullet
juvenile female chicken
rooster
adult male
hen
adult female
broiler chicken
meat bird (whole or processed/cut) male/female
slaughter weight of broiler
1.8-3 kg
how many days of age is a broiler slaughtered at
32-49 days
roaster chicken
meat bird, male/female, whole
slaughter weight of roaster
3-4 kg
slaughter age of roaster
49-63 days
poult
newly hatched turkey
young tom
juvenile male turkey
young turkey hen
juvenile female turket
tom
male turkey
turkey hen
female turkey
meat classes for turket
broiler or heavy
turkey broiler weight and sale
5-7kg, male/female sold whole
heavy turkey weight, sale
8-18 kg, whole, cut, processed
what provinces have a quota system for broiler chickens
ontario and quebec
why has there been an increase in chicken consumption?
less expensive meat, “healthier” meat
why is turkey not as popular as chicken?
not as convenient, considered special occasion food, more expensive
precocial def
presence of down, ability to feed independently, leave nest soon after hatching
altricial
rly on mother for warmth, food,
big changes in the poultry industry
switch from backyard to commercial production
improved productivity
improved quality of product
how did meat production increase?
genetic selection, improved nutrition, better welfare, biosecurity
vertical integration
one company owns many aspects of the industry - feed company - transport trucks, - slaughter pant - breeding facilities happens often in the US market
who runs the national board for poultry supply management
run by producers
supply management/quota system
regulate production levels = sync production to demand
stabilizes income and prices
allows smaller farms to exist
requires import control
advantages of quota system vs vertical integration
fixed prices prevent overproduction third party auditing national welfare standards own your own farm
disadvantages of quota system vs vertical integration
- hard to get into (need a large capital)
- limits international sales
- cost of price is lower in VI
- more communication between production levels since all owned by the same company
how many primary breeding companies are there for laying hens
4
how many primary breeding companies for broiler chicken
2
the function of the primary breeding industry
- genetic selection
- distribution of stock to multiplier hatcheries
- maintenance of stock
- technical assistance
primary breeders are
selected pure lines
grandparent - primary breeder
A males x B females and C males x D females
parent - multiplier breeder
AB males x CD females
commercial - production unit
ABCD
what are the reasons for crossbreeding?
combine stocks with different traits
heterosis/ hybrid vigor
multiplication of stocks
patent
egg production chain
primary breeding companies (parent chicks) -> multiplier breeding flocks (hatching eggs) –> multiplier hatchery (day old pullets) –> pullet producers (0-19 wks) –>egg producers (laying 19-71 wks) –> egg processing company
chicken meat production chain
primary breeding companies (parent chicks) -> multiplier breeding flocks (hatching eggs) –> multiplier hatchery (day-old broilers) –>broiler producers (0-5-7 wks)primary processing (eviscerated carcass) –> further processing
percent hatchability has 2 meanings
percent of total eggs set (doesn’t indicate the reason for low hatchability, embryonic mortality or infertility)
- usual term used in industry
percent of fertile eggs
