Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AHW semester 2 > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

Why has the poultry meat production rapidly expanded over the last 5- years?

A
  • tolerated by most cultures
  • reasonably cheaper
  • easily flavoured’
  • minimal zoonoses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why has egg production rapidly expanded over the last 50 years?

A
  • multiple uses
  • highly nutritious
  • easier storage and safety properties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain the advantages of the poultry industry

A
  • low cost of production
  • efficient disease control mechanisms
  • suitable for backyard, small holders and commercial systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Approx how many boiler chickens and layers are there?

A

875 million broiler

36 million layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two main genetic improvements that have advanced in poultry?

A

1) increased growth rates

2) increased number of eggs layed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is the structure of egg production catagorised?

A

Size of flock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the main reasons for veterinary involvement in the poultry industry?

A 
Health - Prevention and treatment
Performance
Welfare
Biosecurity
Food hygiene
Enforcement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What conditions are required in the environmentally controlled transportation of chicks?

A

26-29 degrees

70% humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How must a house be prepared before the arrival of chicks?

A
  • cleaned and disinfected
  • min of 2 weeks downtime without any chicks
  • prepare at 33-36 degrees and 60% humidity
  • bright light
  • food and water supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long is the brooding period?

A

10-21 days depending on type of bird and local climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the correct distribution of chicks during the brooding period?

A

Chicks are evenly spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does uneven feed distribution result in?

A
  • lowered performance
  • scratching damage associated with competition
  • increased feed spillage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 feed forms given to chickens?

A

Mash, crumble, whole grains and pellets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some of the effects caused by an undersupply of nutrition?

A
  • poor chick quality
  • decreased egg size, number and quality
  • poor shell quality
  • impaired hatchability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which 3 factors of the housing environment need to be continuously monitored?

A
  • Temperature
  • Ventilation
  • Humidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What factors are assessed to determine body condition?

A
  • body weight
  • skeletal frame size
  • overall health
  • egg production/fertility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How can the body condition of a flock be determined?

A

Weekly weighting of up to 50 birds - 2% of females and 10% of males
A further 20-30 females and 15 males picked for physical assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What would be assessed during the physical examination of a male?

A
  • alertness and activity
  • body condition
  • legs and feet
  • head
  • feathering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What would be assessed during the physical examination of a female?

A
  • skeletal frame
  • shank length
  • uniformity
  • pin bone spacing
  • abdominal fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

At how many weeks old are males and females mixed together?

A

18 weeks onwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Males and females must feed seperatly, how can this be achieved?

A

size and height of feeder is different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Controlled lighting is used, for how many hours daily should it be on at age:

1) 0-3 days
2) 4-7 days

A

1) 22 hours

2) 21 hours

23
Q

What is the purpose of having a high light intensity?

A
  • promoting early development and growth
  • promotes good quality egg shell
  • encourages chick activity
24
Q

What are some broiler/layer routine management procedures?

A
  • debeaking
  • comb trim
  • de-spun
  • toe clip
25
Q

What are the characteristics of a good egg disinfectant?

A
  • Egg shell bacterial count before and after treatment
  • egg content bacterial count after treatment
  • impact on the egg cuticle cover
  • hatchability
26
Q

What is the role of a hatchery?

A

Provides controlled environment for optimal incubation and hatching of healthy, viable and usable chicks

27
Q

How should the temperature of an egg change from hen to hatchery?

A
  • From 40-41 in the hen body
  • 24-29 in house
  • 19-21 in hatchery
28
Q

What is the incubation period of a chicken?

A

21 days?

29
Q

What are the 4 important parameters of incubation?

A
  • temperature
  • humidity
  • ventilation
  • microbial
30
Q

How many times a day should an egg be turned? what is the importance of this?

A

5-6

Important for proper embryo development

31
Q

What advance information does candling provide?

A
  • condition of the farm
  • percentage fertility
  • storage condition of eggs
  • condition of embryos
32
Q

How does a hatcher differ to an incubator?

A
  • no egg turning

- higher humidity

33
Q

How can a female chick be sexed?

A

The primary feathers are longer than the covert feathers

34
Q

What are the 3 methods of vaccination chicks can receive?

A

1) Spray
2) SC injection
3) In ovo

35
Q

Name 4 commercial laying egg breeds

A
  1. Isa brown
  2. Hy-line brown’
  3. Iohman brown
  4. Novagen brown
36
Q

What are the 3 housing/management systems?

A
  1. Barn - deep litter
  2. Aviary - multi tiered
  3. Free range
37
Q

Within the rearing period (15-16 weeks) how would a temperature too high affect them?

A
  • limits good feathering
  • limits food intake
  • growth rate affected
38
Q

Over how many weeks is the temperature reduced from 32 to 20?

A

5 weeks

39
Q

What is the body temperature of a chick?

A

40.5 degrees

40
Q

What is the purpose of perches?

A
  • Expression of natural behaviour of birds
  • Train birds to jump in the production system
  • Offer an escape route from aggressive birds
  • increases usable surfaces and floor density
41
Q

At 18 weeks old what is the mean body weight a chicken should be?

A

1.50Kg

42
Q

Where are photo receptors located?

A
  • Pineal gland

- Deep brain tissue

43
Q

What is the reproductive path of an egg?

A
  1. Infundibulum
  2. Magnum
  3. Isthmus
  4. Uterus
  5. Vagina
44
Q

Describe the egg laying curve

A
  • x axis = age (weeks)
  • y axis = % production
  • Sharp increase from 18-26 weeks up to 95% efficiency
  • Gradual decline to about 70% until 80 weeks
45
Q

What are the main characteristics of a broiler?

A
  • 95% liveability at 42 days (opposite = mortility)
  • live body weight = 2-2.3Kg
  • FCR = 1.8-2
  • skeletal strength
46
Q

List the important factors of broiler production

A 
Health
Ventilation
Brooding
Body weight
Water and food
Housing - lighting
47
Q

What are the steps in a chick start assessment?

A
  • chick fill
  • vent temperature
  • body weight recording
48
Q

What are the 3 types of feed giving at different points in the rearing period?

A

initially - crumble feed
then - grower feed
finally - finisher feed

49
Q

Why is there best feed efficiency when fed with pelleted feed?

A
  • decreased feed waste
  • reduced selective feeding
  • less time and energy expended for eating
50
Q

What are the different types of feeder?

A

pan feeder
flat chain
tube feeder

51
Q

What could be the results of wet/moist litter?

A
  • increased welfare issues
  • respiratory issues
  • footpad dermatitis
52
Q

What factors can affect the litter quality?

A
  • protein quantity
  • minerals
  • raw material digestibility
  • fat quality
  • feed physical form
53
Q

How can bio-security be controlled?

A
  • farm location
  • one way flow
  • easy cleaning and disinfection
  • dead bird disposal
  • rodent control
  • ill bird control
54
Q

What are the slaughter ages of male and female turkeys?

A 
Male = 18-21 weeks
Female = 12-14 weeks

AHW semester 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions