Potpourri Flashcards
Hepatitis C virus
1. Type of virus
2. Family
3. Does it cause cancer?
- Enveloped ssRNA virus
- Flaviviridae [think flava-flav has a wild lifestyle as a SINGLE Rapper (ssRNA) and might have hep C]
- Less so than HepB. HepC causes cirrhosis, w hich can lead to liver cancer.
Hepatitis B virus
1. Type of virus
2. Family
3. Does it cause cancer?
- Enveloped dsDNA with protein capsid
- Hepadnaviridae [think hepa- DNA - virus]
- Yes - leading cause of liver cancer in the US (hepatocellular carcinoma)
What virus is associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma?
Epstein-Barre Virus
*Part of the Herpesviridae family, an enveloped double stranded DNA virus
What is the translocation in Burkitts?
Which protein is overexpressed?
(REPEAT)
[t(8;14)]
Myc
- reciprocal chromosome translocation, t(8;14), involving the heavy chain locus on chromosome 14 and the c-myc oncogene on chromosome 8, characteristic of the B-cell malignancies Burkitt’s lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
What virus is associated with leukemias and lymphomas?
HTLV
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
What type of virus is HTLV?
Retrovirus
Enveloped ssRNA (same as HIV)
What is the structure of retroviruses?
3 major coding domains
* Group specific antigen (gag) - proteins for capsid, matrix
* pol - reverse transcriptase and integrase, produce viral DNA and inegrate it into the host
* env - viral envelope proteins, associated with entry of virions into the host cell
** RNA template + reverse transcriptase + integrase **
What are the basic steps of angiogenesis?
(duplicating for another pretty picture)
- Degradation of capillary basement membrane
- Tip cell sprouting
- Endothelial cell migration and proliferation
- Tubulogenesis
- Vessel fusion/pruning
- Pericyte stabilization
What are the basic steps of angiogenesis?
(duplicating for another pretty picture)
- Degradation of capillary basement membrane
- Tip cell sprouting
- Endothelial cell migration and proliferation
- Tubulogenesis
- Vessel fusion/pruning
- Pericyte stabilization
What cancers can all have elevated values of Ca 125?
Pancreas, colon, lymphoma, ovary, breast
NOT melanoma
Criteria for Amsterdam II for Lynch Syndrome (HNPCC)
- At least 3 relatives with an HNPCC-associated cancer (colorectal cancer, cancer of the endometrium, small bowel, ureter, or renal pelvis)
- One should be a first-degree relative
- At least 2 successive generations affected
- At least 1 diagnosed before age 50
Some guidelines say: Familial adenomatous polyposis should be excluded in the colorectal cancers
Tumors should be verified by pathological examination
What medical belief is aligned pt wanting to do 5th line chemo after bowel obstruction?
A Justice
B Autonomy
C nonmalificience
D beneficience
Autonomy
Beneficence (doing good)
Non-maleficence (to do no harm)
Autonomy (giving the patient the freedom to choose freely, where they are able)
Justice (ensuring fairness)
Brain radiation: which is not a side effect?
A hair loss
B seizures
C HA
D cerebral hemorrhage
cerebral hemorrhage
Most common ovarian malignancy in young women?
A) juvenile granulosa cell
B) sertoli leydig
C) borderline
Borderline
Best way to diagnose Lynch syndrome (for someone that meets criteria)?
Genetic testing
1 mg tumor = how many cells
10^6
= 1 million
1 cubic cm tumor = how many cells
10^9
= 1 billion
What is quality assurance?
Systematic process that ensures products, services, or processes meet specific quality standards.
When can you forgo consent on an IRB?
- Minimal risk
- Would not adversely affect rights and welfare of subject
- Research could not be practicably carried out without the waiver
- Whenever appropriate, subject provided with additional pertinent information after participation
What are the four pillars of medical ethics?
- Autonomy – respect for the patient’s right to self-determination (consent, privacy, confidentiality)
- Beneficence – obligation of physician to act for the benefit of the patient
- Non-Maleficence – obligation of a physician not to harm the patient
- Justice – fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment of persons (non-discrimination)
Recognize a psammoma body
Associated with papillary serous tumor of the uterus and ovary
Call-Exner body
Granulosa cell tumor
Coffee bean nuclei
“CALL your GRANny for some coffee”
Identify this structure
Psammomma bodies
Associated with papillary serous tumor of the uterus and ovary
Identify this structure
Granulosa cell tumor
Call Exner Body
Coffee bean nuclei
“CALL your GRANny for some coffee”
