Potpourri 1 (loss of senses)

Question 1

Leading cause of adult blindness in developed countries

Answer 1

age related macular degeneration

Question 2

Part of the eye affected by macular degeneration

Answer 2

central portion of retina

Question 3

What type of AMD is ischemic and due to retinal epithial cell apoptosis/activating inflammation?

Answer 3

dry (atrophic)

Question 4

What type of AMD is due to disruption of Balance between substances that promote or inhibit blood vessel development and vascular endothelial growth factor?

Answer 4

wet (neovascular or exudative)

Question 5

Drusen appears as bright yellow spots. Atrophy appears as areas of depigmentation. There may be increased pigmentation

Answer 5

dry macular degeneration

Question 6

Subretinal fluid/and or hemorrhage. Neovascularization—appears as grayish-green discoloration. Often require fluorescein angiogram

Answer 6

wet macular degeneration

Question 7

Treatment for wet AMD

Answer 7

VEGF inhibitors, Photocoagulation, Surgery

Question 8

Most common type of glaucoma

Answer 8

open angle

Question 9

Leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide

Answer 9

glaucoma

Question 10

Pattern of visual loss associated with open angle glaucoma

Answer 10

Peripheral visual field loss followed by central field loss

Question 11

Physcial exam finding for glaucoma

Answer 11

cupping of optic disc

Question 12

Initial treatment for open angle glaucoma

Answer 12

topical meds

Question 13

Patient presents with decreased vision, HA, halos around lights, severe eye pain, N/V

Answer 13

acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 14

What might an eye affected by acute angle closure glaucoma look like?

Answer 14

conjunctival redness, corneal cloudiness, dilated pupil that reacts poorly to light

Question 15

Painless, progressive process. Patients usually complain of problems w/ night driving, reading road signs or difficulty w/ fine print. Often increase in nearsightedness

Answer 15

cataract

Question 16

Physical exam findings characteristic of cataracts

Answer 16

lens opacity and obscuration of ocular fundus

Question 17

Most common etiology of hearing loss in elderly

Answer 17

presbycusis

Question 18

If hearing a pulsatile noise in one ear should further assess for what with a MRA or MRI?

Answer 18

glomus tumor or AV malformation

Question 19

Defined as a normal T4 with a elevated TSH.

Answer 19

subclinical hypothyroidism

Question 20

At what level do you treat hypothyroidism?

Answer 20

TSH > 10 or btw 4.5-10 if they have no risk of cardiac arrhythmias

Question 21

difference between COPD and asthma

Answer 21

asthma is reversible bronchospasm whereas COPD is not

Question 22

Long term therapy of COPD

Answer 22

inhaled glucocorticoids

Question 23

What’s the only treatment that prolongs life in COPD?

Answer 23

oxygen

Question 24

Treatment for CAP in patients at risk of drug resistance

Answer 24

fluoroquinolones for 5 days

Question 25

Indications for hospitalization of CAP that each get a point. if they have 2 pts hospitalize and 3-4 ICU.

Answer 25

confusion, BUN >20, RR >30, BP 65