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Residency Exam > Potassium and Mag tutorial 18/10/23 > Flashcards

Potassium and Mag tutorial 18/10/23 Flashcards

1
Q

What does elevated blood pressure in a patient with hypokalaemia suggest?

A

Primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism

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2
Q

What is a common group of patients whereby the triad of hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, and hypomagnesaemia is common?

A

Patients with chronic alcohol use disorder

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3
Q

What is a common group of patients whereby the triad of hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, and hypomagnesaemia is common?

A

Patients with chronic alcohol use disorder

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4
Q

What does moderate-to-severe magnesium deficiency lead to?

A

Hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia

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5
Q

What does moderate-to-severe magnesium deficiency lead to?

A

Hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia

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6
Q

Describe how hypomagnesaemia affects calcium homeostasis

A

Hypomagnesaemia leads to a failure of magnesium to exchange with bone calcium

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7
Q

Describe how hypomagnesaemia affects calcium homeostasis

A

Hypomagnesaemia leads to a failure of magnesium to exchange with bone calcium

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8
Q

Describe how hypomagnesaemia affects calcium homeostasis

A

Hypomagnesaemia leads to a failure of magnesium to exchange with bone calcium

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9
Q

What is the body’s response to a decrease in plasma calcium?

A

An increase in parathyroid hormone secretion

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10
Q

Describe how hypomagnesaemia affects calcium homeostasis

A

Hypomagnesaemia leads to a failure of magnesium to exchange with bone calcium

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11
Q

What is the body’s response to a decrease in plasma calcium?

A

An increase in parathyroid hormone secretion

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12
Q

What does moderate-to-severe magnesium deficiency lead to?

A

Hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia

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13
Q

Describe how hypomagnesaemia affects calcium homeostasis

A

Hypomagnesaemia leads to a failure of magnesium to exchange with bone calcium

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14
Q

Which type of renal tubular acidosis leads to a high urinary pH (>6.0) and why?

A

Classic distal renal tubular acidosis as the body is not excreting acids correctly

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15
Q

What is the body’s response to a decrease in plasma calcium?

A

An increase in parathyroid hormone secretion

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16
Q

Which type of renal tubular acidosis leads to a high urinary pH (>6.0) and why?

A

Classic distal renal tubular acidosis as the body is not excreting acids correctly

17
Q

How does parathyroid hormone affect potassium?

A

When end-organ resistance to parathyroid hormone develops, there is a failure of renal reabsorption of potassium due to the decreased activity of sodium and potassium-ATPase

18
Q

How does parathyroid hormone affect potassium?

A

When end-organ resistance to parathyroid hormone develops, there is a failure of renal reabsorption of potassium due to the decreased activity of sodium and potassium-ATPase

19
Q

How does parathyroid hormone affect potassium?

A

When end-organ resistance to parathyroid hormone develops, renal reabsorption of potassium fails due to decreased activity of sodium and potassium-ATPase

20
Q

How does parathyroid hormone affect bones?

A

Parathyroid hormone causes breakdown of bones to replete calcium stores

21
Q

If a patient has hypokalaemia, and is also alkalotic, what are 3 conditions this may suggest the patient has?

A
  1. Bartter syndrome
  2. Gitelman syndrome
  3. Hyperaldosteronism
22
Q

How does parathyroid hormone affect potassium?

A

When end-organ resistance to parathyroid hormone develops, renal reabsorption of potassium fails due to decreased activity of sodium and potassium-ATPase

23
Q

How does parathyroid hormone affect potassium?

A

When end-organ resistance to parathyroid hormone develops, renal reabsorption of potassium fails due to decreased activity of sodium and potassium-ATPase

24
Q

Which type of renal tubular acidosis leads to a high urinary pH (>6.0) and why?

A

Classic distal renal tubular acidosis as the body is not excreting acids correctly

25
Q

How does parathyroid hormone affect potassium?

A

When end-organ resistance to parathyroid hormone develops, renal reabsorption of potassium fails due to decreased activity of sodium and potassium-ATPase

26
Q

Where is a significant portion of magnesium found outside the bones?

A

Within cells

27
Q

Is urine normally acidic or basic?

A

Acidic

28
Q

If a patient has hypokalaemia, and is also acidotic, what does this suggest?

A

The patient may have renal tubular acidosis

29
Q

If a patient has hypokalaemia, and is also alkalotic, what are 3 conditions this may suggest the patient has?

A
  1. Bartter syndrome
  2. Gitelman syndrome
  3. Hyperaldosteronism
30
Q

Which type of renal tubular acidosis leads to a high urinary pH (>6.0) and why?

A

Classic distal renal tubular acidosis as the body is not excreting acids correctly

31
Q

What is the relationship between urine pH and kidney stones?

A

The more alkaline the urine pH, the more likely the patient is to experience kidney stones

32
Q

What is a common drug cause of hypomagnesaemia?

A

Proton pump inhibitors

33
Q

Where is the majority of magnesium found?

A

In the bones

34
Q

Where is a significant portion of magnesium found outside the bones?

A

Within cells

35
Q

Describe the extracellular composition of magnesium

A

Less than 1% of magnesium is within the extracellular fluid

36
Q

How is magnesium predominantly cleared?

A

Magnesium is predominantly renally cleared

37
Q

How does renal impairment affect magnesium?

A

Renal impairment may cause hypermagnesaemia

38
Q

What is a common drug cause of hypomagnesaemia?

A

Proton pump inhibitors

39
Q

Elevated blood pressure in a patient with hypokalaemia suggests either primary or secondary __________?

A

Hyperaldosteronism

Residency Exam (22 decks)

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