posture - exam 1 Flashcards
what is posture?
the relative positions of different joints at any given moment
what is faulty posture?
any posture that does not satisfy the attributes of good or correct/balanced posture
why do we look at posture?
structural variations
altered joint mechanics
muscle imbalances
residual effects of a previous pathology
COG within BOS changes when?
when you change position from static to dynamic
what is COG?
point at which mass is evenly distributed
“balance” point
with a narrow BOS, a person becomes:
less balanced
what happens to the COG before walking?
moves anterior to BOS
what is correct/balanced posture?
the optimal alignment of the patient’s body that allows the neuromuscular system to perform actions requiring the least amount of energy to achieve the desired effect
the most efficient posture
positions at which minimum stress is applied to each joint
what happens to other joints during an anterior pelvic tilt?
increased hip flexion and L/S extension
what happens to other joints with thoracic kyphosis?
increased C/S extension as compensation
what is a result if joints are hyper and hypomobile or if muscles are shortened, lengthened or weak?
pathology
– lordosis
– kyphosis
– scoliosis
what would a patient exhibit if they have a kyphotic-lordotic posture?
forward head
neck extensors short, tight
neck flexors weak
upper back extensors weak
chest muscles short, tight
**lower back extensors strong, tight
EO elongated, weak
**rectus abdominis bulges, pulls down ribcage
**anterior pelvic tilt
**hip flexors short, tight
**hip extensors elongated
what would a patient exhibit if they have a sway back posture?
forward head
neck extensors strong
neck flexors weak
upper back extensors weak
chest muscles short, tight
**upper trunk shifts rearward
**IO short, strong
EO elongated, weak
**pelvis shifts forward, tilted back/lower lumbar flattened
**hip extensors short, tight
**hip flexors weak
**knees hyper extended
**excessive DF
what would a patient exhibit if they have flat back posture?
forward head
neck extensors short, tight
neck flexors weak
chest muscles short, tight
upper back extensors weak
**mid thoracic to lumbar is flat
**strong abs
**posterior tilt
**hip flexors elongated, weak
**hip extensors short, tight
**entire body has slight forward tilt
in general, short and tight muscles means they are:
elongated muscles means they are:
stronger
weaker
what are the muscles that control pelvic tilt?
rectus abdominis and EO
hip flexors (iliopsoas, TFL, rectus femoris, sartorius)
low back extensors
hip extensors (glut max and hamstrings)
what occurs to tilt pelvis backward?
abdominals pull up and hip extensors pull down
back extensors stretch and hip flexors stretch
posterior pelvic tilt
what occurs to tilt pelvis forward?
back extensors pull up and hip flexors pull down
abs stretch and hip extensors stretch
anterior pelvic tilt
what will changes in position or malalignment of one body segment cause?
changes in adjacent and other body segments as body seeks to adjust or compensate for malalignment
what happens if stress is maintained over long periods of time?
muscles shorten –> prevent full ROM
muscles lengthen –> altered length-tension relationship
ligaments shorten –> limit ROM
ligaments lengthen –> decreased ability to provide stability
what are the two subcategories of structural factors affecting posture?
developmental –> scoliosis, congenital anomalies
neurological –> muscle tone, laxity of ligamentous structures
what are examples of positional factors?
poor postural endurance (slouching, faulty positioning)
psychological
muscle imbalance or contracture
pain
respiratory conditions
where does the LOG fall normally in a sagittal view?
anterior to ankle (lateral malleolus)
through or anterior to knee (post to patella)
through or post. to hip (hip axis)
post to or through thoracic spine
through acromium
through or ant to AO jt (earlobe)
what can be an abnormal alignment of the ankle?
excessive PF or DF
