gait - exam 1

Question 1

what is normal gait?
- maintaining?
- conserving?
- absorbing?

Answer 1

sequence of pattern of limb motions that serve to progress the body along a desired path

weight bearing stability
energy
shock of impact

Question 2

what is a full gait cycle?

Answer 2

heel strike to the next ipsilateral heel strike

Question 3

what is the stance phase? what percentage?

Answer 3

entire period the limb is in contact with the ground
60%

Question 4

what is the swing phase? what percentage?

Answer 4

begins when the foot comes off the ground
40%

Question 5

what are the periods of the stance phase in order? (standard –> rancho los amigos terminology)

Answer 5

heel strike –> initial contact
foot flat –> loading response
midstance –> midstance
heel off –> terminal stance
toe off –> pre swing

Question 6

what are the periods of the swing phase in order? (standard –> rancho los amigos terminology)

Answer 6

acceleration –> initial swing
midswing –> midswing
deceleration –> terminal swing

Question 7

what is double limb support?

Answer 7

both feet in contact with the ground

Question 8

what is single limb support?

Answer 8

only one foot is in contact with the ground

Question 9

what gait periods is weight acceptance happening in?

Answer 9

initial contact and loading response

Question 10

what is happening during the weight acceptance functional task?

Answer 10

weight is rapidly loaded on an outstretched limb
impact of the GRF is absorbed
body continues on a forward path while stability is maintained
both feet are in contact with the ground

Question 11

what gait periods does single limb support happen in?

Answer 11

mid stance and terminal stance

Question 12

what is happening during single limb support functional task?

Answer 12

period where body progresses over a single stable limb
weight is transferred from metatarsal heads and the heel comes off the ground

Question 13

what gait periods does swing limb advancement happen in?

Answer 13

pre swing
initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

Question 14

what is happening during swing limb advancement functional task?

Answer 14

limb is unloaded and the foot comes off the ground
limb is moved from behind the body to in front of the body, reaching out to take the next step

Question 15

what is the objective of the initial contact period?

Answer 15

positioning of the limb to start stance

Question 16

what is the objective of the loading response period?

Answer 16

shock absorption
weight bearing stability
forward progression

Question 17

what is the objective of the mid stance period?

Answer 17

progression of COG over BOS
limb and trunk stability

Question 18

what is the objective of the terminal stance?

Answer 18

progression of COG beyond BOS

Question 19

what is the objective of the pre swing?

Answer 19

position limb for swing

Question 20

what is the objective of the initial swing?

Answer 20

foot clearance of the floor
limb advancement from trailing position

Question 21

what is the objective of the mid swing?

Answer 21

limb advancement
foot clearance from the floor

Question 22

what is the objective of the terminal swing?

Answer 22

complete limb advancement
preparation for stance (again)

Question 23

with aging, gait speed ________

Answer 23

decreases

Question 24

a gait speed of > 1 m/s tells us?

Answer 24

> 1.1 m/s predictive of completing yard work
1.3 m/s climb flights of stairs

Question 25

a gait speed of < 1 m/s tells us?

Answer 25

benefit from fall prevention
> 0.67 m/s to complete self care
> 0.89 m/s for household activities

Question 26

a gait speed of < 0.60 m/s tells us?

Answer 26

predicts future risk of falls and hospitalization
tend to require assistance with ADL and IADL
> 0.49 m/s to cross street

Question 27

a gait speed of < 0.40 m/s tells us?

Answer 27

longer length of stay in acute care
likely to discharge to skilled nursing, inpatient rehab or nursing home setting or with home health services

Question 28

what are temporal gait variables?

Answer 28

cadence (110-120 steps/min)
stance time
swing time
double support time vs single support time

Question 29

what are spatial gait variables?

Answer 29

stride length (= gait cycle) ~ 56 in
step length ~ 28 in
step/base width (how far apart the two feet are)

Question 30

what is foot slap?

Answer 30

audible slapping
lack of eccentric activation of DF

Question 31

what is high stepping gait?

Answer 31

lift leg higher than usual
increased hip and knee flexion
weak DF
foot drop

Question 32

what is vaulting gait?

Answer 32

leg length discrepancy

Question 33

what is weak quadriceps gait?

Answer 33

instability in knee –> hyperext, leaning forward
weak quads
line of gravity anterior to M-L AOR

Question 34

what is trendelenberg gait?

Answer 34

contralateral hip drop
weak glut med
QL engages
weak hip abductors

Question 35

what is posterior lurch gait?

Answer 35

ext of hip due to gravity
weak glut max

Question 36

what are 3 things to watch for in abnormal gait?

Answer 36

sagittal, frontal, transverse plane movement
joint angles
increased movement of trunk and/or pelvis in various planes

Question 37

what is the goal of observational gait analysis?

Answer 37

to design and implement appropriate treatment interventions based on deviations seen

Question 38

ROM requirements for normal gait:
- hip flexion

Answer 38

0-30 deg

Question 39

ROM requirements for normal gait:
- hip extension:

Answer 39

0-10 deg

Question 40

ROM requirements for normal gait:
- knee flexion

Answer 40

0-60 deg

Question 41

ROM requirements for normal gait:
- knee extension

Answer 41

0 deg

Question 42

ROM requirements for normal gait:
ankle DF

Answer 42

0-10 deg

Question 43

ROM requirements for normal gait:
ankle PF

Answer 43

0-20 deg