Posture Flashcards
Define the planes and axes of motion of the body
Axis: line that goes through the body, movement occurs around an axisPlane - movement occurs within a plane
What are the axii of the body and what motion goes around them?
- Inferior/Superior Axis (goes from head to toe): Motion = Rotation Right/Left- Anterior/Posterior Axis (goes from front to back): Motion = Abduction/Adduction & Lateral Flexion/Sidebending- Right/Left Axis: Motion = Flexion/Extension
What are planes of the body and their motions?
- Sagittal (Right/Left Axis) –> Flexion/Extension- Coronal (Anterior/Posterior Axis) –> Abduction/Adduction and Sidebending/Lateral Flexion- Transverse (Superior/Anferior Axis) –> Rotation (occurs only here!)
What is the relationship between Plane and Axis?
Plane and Axis are perpendicular of each other
Define Cephalad as a directional descriptor.
toward the head
Define Caudad as a directional descriptor.
toward the feet
Define Ipsilateral as a directional descriptor.
Same side of the body
Define Contralateral as a directional descriptor.
Opposite side of the body
Define Bilateral as a directional descriptor.
both sides of the body
Describe ideal standing position from the coronal/frontal plane.
arms hanging parallel along trunk w/ feet shoulder width apart
Describe ideal standing position from the transverse plane.
shoulders medially(internally rotated 20 degrees) relative to anatomic position w/ legs rotated laterally (externally 20 degrees relative to anatomic position)
Describe ideal standing position from the Saggittal plane.
consider plumb line relationships and propotions with feet positioned in anatomical positions
What are the curves in the sagtital plane? Describe their curve and define them as either hypothic or lordotic.
- Cervical: Convex anteriorally (normal lordotic curve)- Thoracic: Concave anteriorally (normal kyphotic curve)- Lumbar: Convex anteriorally (normal lordotic curve)- Sacral: Concave atneriorally (normal kyphotic curve)
Where is the plumb line and body position in ideal posture?
Ideal posture will have the plumb line go through the ear, shoulder, hip, knee and ankle
Where is the plumb line and body position in military posture?
Military posture extends forward with an increase in lumbar lordotic curves
Where is the plumb line and body position in relaxed posture?
Relaxed posture has an increased lumbar lordosis, resulting in hip forward of the ideal plumb line.
What is the ideal sleeping position?
Patient has a firm surface, laying on one side with head on pillow, knees flexed, and pillow between knees
Describe ideal seated posture
W/ a firm cushion, legs parallel to floor and feet flat on floor
What is accommodation?
Accommodation: a self-reversing, non-persisting adaptation (goes away automatically)
What is compensation?
Compensation: a subconscious, non-painful change that is the result of the body’s trying to make the best of a less than ideal situation. Stays until the environment or habits changes.
What is decompensation?
The breakdown of compensatory mechanism.
List factors that produce decompensation to ideal posture.
- Congenital (natural deformities) ex. Hemivertebra (wedge shaped vertebrae), bone/joint deformity- Body habitus change ex. weight gain/pregnancy- Gait changes ex. Flat feet, wearing high heels. - Habits ex. brought about by occupation, like straining neck to see computer- Trauma ex. Herniated disc, acceleration-deceleration injury- Somatic Dysfunction ex. sacral base unleveling- Loss of muscle tone ex. Polio- Mental attitude ex. depression
