Postural control lecture

Question 1

what is the relationship of COM and BOS?

Answer 1

the relationship describes where the individuals mass falls in relation to the base of stability they have created by their stance, feet positioning ect. a symmetrical relationship models 50% of the mass falling in each leg assemetrical resembles leaning more on one leg creating the center of mass to shift to one side. causing more challagnge for the bus to support the com.

Question 2

what are the common patterns of postural sway

Answer 2

moren anterioposterior than medial lateral

Question 2

when it comes to multi system postural sway what factors impact biomechanics constraints?

Answer 2

degrees of freedom
strength
limits of stability

Question 3

when it comes to multi system postural sway what factors play into movement strategies?

Answer 3

reactive
anticipatory
voluntary

Question 4

when it comes to multi system postural sway what factors play into sensory strategies?

Answer 4

sensory integration
sensory reweighing

Question 5

when it comes to multi system postural sway what factors play into orientation in space?

Answer 5

perception
gravity, surfaces, vision
vertically

Question 6

when it comes to multi system postural sway what factors play into control of dynamics?

Answer 6

gait
proactive

Question 7

when it comes to multi system postural sway what factors play into cognitive processing?

Answer 7

attention
learning

Question 8

explain the process of sensory weighting and sensory integration? what processes are being used?

Answer 8

sensory weighting is the idea of prices coming

Question 9

describe the single flow as it pertains to postural control?

Answer 9

sensory singnals:
go to the spinal cord as proprioceptive and skin afferent and will also lead to the cerebral cortex and limbic systems.
these signals are
visual
vestibular
auditory
proproceptive
touch
visceral

The cerebral cortex will receive information from the sensory singals and the thalamus. the cerebral cortex will provide information to the basal ganglia and the brainstem and spinal cord
the cerebral cortex will create anticipatory reactions and can be trained
these are more cognitive processes and voluntary movements

Question 10

Postural control in stokes

Answer 10

83% of pts. 2-4 wks post stroke balance disability
Motor control impairments (caused by reduction in # and firing rate of motor units): slow movements, weakness, fatigue, incoordination, decreased force production, co-contractions

See chart slide 9

Question 11

what does the research show about stroke patients and traction times of muscles

Answer 11

lagged time and less amplitude

tib anterior we see over exaggeration
Ham and Quads- delayed reaction times and less amplitude of contraction

Question 12

what are the three global impairments in balance when it comes to a person with stroke?

Answer 12

sensation (to detect or anticipate postural disturbance),
neural processing (to select appropriate feedback/feedforward postural control ),
effective motor output

Question 13

what is the major impairment in people with strokes that the research shows

Answer 13

Impairment to the timing, magnitude and sequencing of muscle activation

Question 14

what does postural control look like in patients with PD

Answer 14

With ds progression - loss in postural stability, gait dysfunction, frequent falls
Postural instability less responsive to drug therapy
Up to 68% falls in later stages of ds
Lack of balance reaction, flexed posture, decreased trunk rotation, difficulty executing simultaneous movements/sequential movements

Question 15

what is the roles of the basal ganglia?

Answer 15

controlling the flexibility of postural tone
scaling up the magnitude of postural movements
selecting postural strategies for environmental context
automatizing postural responses and gait

Question 16

what are the two cardinal signs of pd?

Answer 16

bradykinesia and rigidity

Question 17

when talking about parkensons disease and gait what plays into Bradykinesia?

Answer 17

control of dynamics:
gait and proactiveness

movement strategies:
reactive, anticipatory, and voluntary

sensory strategies:
stratagies integration
stratagies reweighing

Question 18

when talking about parkensons disease and gait what plays into Rigidity?

Answer 18

degrees of freedom, strength, and limits of stability

Question 19

when talking about parkensons disease and gait what plays into Proprioception deficits?

Answer 19

orientation in space:
perception, gravity, surfaces, vision, and verticality

Question 20

when talking about parkensons disease and gait what plays into Non-motor symptoms?

Answer 20

Cognitive processing:
attention and learning

Question 21

when looking at the stability margin of patients with parkensons where is limited margins?

Answer 21

backwards

Question 22

when looking a patients with parkensons LOPADOPA drugs have shown what?

Answer 22

they put patients at an increased risk with balance related issues.
Lopadopa can be counterproductive for balance.
compared to treatment with deep brain stimulation we see a greater impact of instability on lopadopa