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EXCI 380 > POSTURAL CONTROL, BALANCE AND MOBILITY > Flashcards

POSTURAL CONTROL, BALANCE AND MOBILITY Flashcards

1
Q

What is posture?

A

Represents the overall position of the body and limbs relative to one another and their representation in space

Postures can be in static and dynamic conditions

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2
Q

Postural control

A

involves controlling body’s position in space for the dual purposes of stability and orientation

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3
Q

Center of pressure

A

vertical projection of the COM

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4
Q

center of mass

A

point that is at the center of the total body mass

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5
Q

Stability limits

A

boundaries of an area in space which the body can maintain its position without changing the base of support

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6
Q

base of support

A

the are underneath and between both feet

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7
Q

Which test can be used to measure stability limits?

A

functional reach test

MDRT

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8
Q

Increasing stability limits in older adults and individuals with neurological conditions results in a

A

decreased risk for falls

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9
Q

Is the effect greater in A/P or M/L direction?

A

A/P?

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10
Q

Postural Orientation

A

The way you position yourself in space - biomechanical alignment of the body + orientation of the body vs. environment

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11
Q

Postural Stability (balance)

A

The ability to:
stay still in a certain position
maintain the projected centre of mass within stability limits (without changing the base of support)

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12
Q

** Orientation & Stability demands ______ with each task **

A

change

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13
Q

Postural _______ depends on postural ________

A

stability on orientation

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14
Q

Neural system (perception) :

A

Integration of sensory information to assess the position and motion of the body in space

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15
Q

Musculoskeletal system (action):

A

Ability to generate forces for controlling body position systems

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16
Q

Conditions involving neurological (ex: CP, MS, stroke, etc.) and/or musculoskeletal (ex: arthritis, neuropathic pain, amputation fibromyalgia, etc. ) systems can lead to deficits in postural _______ or _________ (because of impairments to neuro + musculo systems)

A

orientation or stability

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17
Q

2 types of postural control

A

anticipatory and reactive

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18
Q

Anticipatory postural control

A

Advance planning of actions
Obstacles, different types of surfaces

ex: getting ready to climb stairs

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19
Q

Reactive postural control

A

Actions that cannot be planned in advance due to the unexpected nature of an event
Ex: Being bumped in a crowd
Clinical Implications: important for falls prevention

20
Q

CNS preprograms force based on____________ of what the task requires

A

anticipation

21
Q

When doing balance exercises in rehab, is it more important to train anticipatory or reactive postural control?

A

reactive???

22
Q

Goal of postural movement strategies :

A

To restore the COM of the body to a position of stability following a loss of balance

23
Q

These postural responses are activated in response which 3 inputs?

A

to proprioceptive, visual and vestibular inputs

24
Q

3 motor strategies

A

ankle, hip or stepping

25
Q

Ankle strategy

A

Restore COM to a position of stability through body movement centered primarily about the ankle joints

26
Q
  • To oppose forward sway: activation of…
A

PF

27
Q
  • To oppose backward sway: activation of _______________
A

DF

28
Q

Ankle strategy is in reaction to?

A

small perturbations and firm surface

29
Q

Which is the first strategy?

A

ankle

30
Q

Hip strategy controls..

A

Controls motion of the COM by producing large and rapid motions at the hip joints

31
Q

Hip strategy in reaction to?

A

In reaction to larger and faster perturbations and when support surface is smaller than the feet (beam)

32
Q

Stepping strategy happens when

A

When ankle and hip strategies are insufficient to recover balance, a step or hop is used to bring the support base into alignment under the COM

33
Q

Visual system

A

Position and motion of the head & body with respect to surrounding objects
Reference for verticality

34
Q

Which system is very important for neurological conditions?

A

visual to compensante for decrease in somatosensory system

35
Q

Somatosensory system

A

Provides CNS with position and motion information about the body with reference to supporting surfaces (horizontal)
ex: ankle joint in standing position
Relationship of body segments to one another

36
Q

Vestibular system

A

Information about HEAD position and motion

(displacement and acceleration; gravity)

37
Q

Injuries or disorders to these 3 systems can lead to _________ problems ex: ataxic CP, hemiparesis, aging, etc.

A

balance

38
Q

Can a loss of any of these systems be compensated by the other 2 systems?

A

yes

39
Q

to understand these systems go to p.319

A

p.319

40
Q

When standing still, does our nervous system rely more heavily on vision or somatosensory info?

A

It appears that under normal conditions, the nervous system may weigh the importance of somato info for postural control more heavily than vision and vestibular inputs

41
Q

It appears that under normal conditions, the nervous system may weigh the importance of ______________ info for postural control more heavily than vision and __________ inputs

A

somatosensory, vestibular

42
Q

Neurological lesions : people rely predominantly on : _______ during the early part of their balance recovery process and then use more somatosensory inputs

A

vision

43
Q

Based on the stickman graph, if you are aging and over 65 years old, which do you resemble most?

A

5 and 6

44
Q

Reducing the availability of ___ senses appears to have a significant effect on postural steadiness in ________ adults

A

2, healthy older

45
Q

To maintain standing balance, elderly people with vestibular loss need their… _______ or their ___________________

A

vision, somatosensory function

EXCI 380 (6 decks)

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