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EXCI 380 > EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION P.241 > Flashcards

EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION P.241 Flashcards

1
Q

Basic principles of conditioning

A 
overload
specificity
progression
consistency
assessment and screening
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2
Q

Overload

A

implies that adaptions of some unit or system of the body (ex: muscular system for walking) will occur if it is repeatedly stressed to a level beyond which it is normally accustomed.

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3
Q

Overload is defined by which 4 variables?

A

SAME AS FITT

Frequency - how often
Intensity - to what degree
Duration - period of time
Mode - type of activity

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4
Q

In general, gains in muscle strength o end require a min of _____ to _____ days of resist training (one day of recovery between days of training to prevent overwork… alternate muscle grow).

A

2-3

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5
Q

For those who are frail, have arthritis, or fibromyalgia, etc, what kind of frequency do they?

A

they could prob only do light loads

so shorter training sessions may be appropriate for people with extreme weakness or fatigue

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6
Q

when should exercise be reocmmended at home?

A

1) conditions involving periods of flare up (like MS)

2) adapted transport

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7
Q

Reps for optimal strength gains

A

3-7 reps

keep in mind thi might be hard for some conditions, who would benefit more from less reps and higher load

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8
Q

Reps for musc endurance

A

12-20 reps

more reps = lower load

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9
Q

Exercise load can be determined by the amount of resistance that cuases a slight __________________________ and/or by local muscular fatigue

A

slight burning sensation in the muscle

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10
Q

Each set of reps should result in…

A

muscle fatigue

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11
Q

If the load is too high, what will tend to happen?

A

the use of substitute motions (like trunk movement during knee extension)

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12
Q

low load is recommended for which people?

A 
join instability
weakness
muscle spasms
at risk of high BP
symptoms of pain or fatigue
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13
Q

Stroke = ISOM contractions for longer than ____ seconds which increases BP.

A

6 sec

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14
Q

Is the overload principle always appropriate?

A

no

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15
Q

Who should avoid exercising until fatigued?

A

people with progressive diseases
joint instability
chronic pain with movement
or likelihood to develop disabling fatigue

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16
Q

Arthritis: if joint is affected but not painful

A

STRENGTH: 5-10 reps with low load (with 3 sets)

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17
Q

Arthritis: if joint is slightly swollen and mildly painful

A

STRENGTH: cut the reps in half

7-15 reps (3x)

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18
Q

Arthritis: if joint is hot and swollen and painful

A

STRENGTH: avoid strengthening in general

BUT! ROM exercises should be performed daily. Reps depends on pain and swelling

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19
Q

Recovery of ___ to ____ minutes should be used for general strengthening routines

A

2-4

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20
Q

To stress the glycolytic system, rests of ________ should be prescribed.

A

a min or less

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21
Q

Work:Rest ratio

A

compares time required to perform a set of repetitions to the rest period

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22
Q

(Longer/shorter) rest periods are optimal for pure strength training

A

Longer
as high as 1:12

USUALLY 1:6 TO 1:12

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23
Q

(Longer/shorter) rest periods are optimal for muscular endurance

A

ratios as low as 1:1

USUALLY 1:1 TO 1:2

need to adapt per person tho!

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24
Q

Recommended work to rest ratios for conditions involving fatigue, pain or muscle weakness?

A

HIGH ratios like 1:6 to 1:12

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25
What can stretching benefit?
maintains ROM decreases or controls spasticity may prevent muscle atrophy (gradual decline in effectiveness)
26
How long should warm ups be?
6 to 12 second for warm up
27
Flexibility duration?
10-30s
28
What is a contracture?
shortening and hardening of muscles and connective tissue, tendons, other tissues often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints. decreased ROM
29
What causes contracture?
inactivity and scarring from an injury or burn
30
muscles involved in contractures / hand paralysis?
flexor pollicis longus, thumb flexors
31
what causes contracture longterm?
spasticity and prolonged loss of joint mobility (absence of movement)
32
what happens to muscle with contracture
muscle fibers remodel themselves more fibrous tissue
33
types of contractures
dynamic - occur during movement | fixed - present at all times
34
Increased stretch = ________ sarcomeres = _______ muscle atrophy = normal ROM
increased sarcomeres, decreased muscle atrophy
35
when muscle is immobilised in a shortened position, there isa reduction in muscle fiber length due to _______ sarcomeres. This leads to _______ muscle stiffness. = _________ ROM and _________ pain.
decreased increased decreased incresed
36
Article for stretch on sarcomere tested what kind of stretch?
intermittent stretch
37
What happened in the sarcomere article?
no movement of ankle in plantar flexion = reduction of sarcomere of 19% HALF HOUR STRETCHING is best: maintains normal DF prevents sarcomere loss increase in serial sarcomere of as much as 10% within 2 hours doesnt cause as much weight loss as the other stretching times!
38
Immobilisation is the loss of sarcomeres leading to reduction in...
muscle fiber length
39
When a muscle is immobilised in a shortened position there is both a reduction in muscle fiber length due to loss of serial sarcomere AND remodelling of _______________________________, and replacement of ______ tissue with ______ fibrous tissue. Which leads to muscle stiffness
intramuscular connective tissue replacement of soft tissue to dense fibrous tissue
40
Contracture: paralysis/weakness cause is for...
SCI, TBI, MS
41
Contracture: spasticity cause is for...
SCI, TBI, MS
42
Contracture: pain cause is for...
arthritis, neuropathic
43
How to immobilize contracture?
casting or splinting
44
How to adjust frequency (where to start)?
start with SOAP
45
Modifying overload with aerobic training
p.256!!!!!!! didnt write questions on it
46
upper body ex calculation
(200-age)*%HRmax=target HR
47
Borg RPE scale most commonly used for?
used for tests of perceived exertion
48
Advantage of borg RPE scale?
given ratings grow linearly with exercise intensity, HR and VO2
49
As intensity increases, HR and VO2 increase, so ratings will _________
increase
50
Specificity
adaption to ex training is specific o the nature of the exercise activity and the physiologic systems that are stressed
51
Specificity article research paper explained
Hemiparetic participants of secondary stroke. Treatment group: 12-week high intensity (70% of the 1 RM) resistance training (bilateral leg press, knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion). Frequency = 3 x per week Control group: 12-week upper extremity stretching
52
Results of specificity research paper
Significant improvement in muscle strength in the treatment group but no change in the control group No significant change in any functional measures in both groups
53
Clinical message for specificity
Clinical Message (in your notes: see rectangle at the bottom of the page) - Training effect is specific to the exercise mode: ↑ knee extensors did not ↑ functional test results. - If the goal is to ↑ functions (walking, stair climbing, standing up from chair, etc.) then design functional exercises (ex: stepping up and down; walking, chair rise, etc)
54
Progression
Progression is the requirement that exercise training progressively increases the overload stimulus to elicit continual improvements in fitness (or functional level). EX: ↑ treadmill speed to increase cardiovascular capacity in participants with MS
55
Progression may not always be achieved with the following disorders/conditions:
1. progressive disorders (ex ALS MS MD) 2. abnormal fatigue (chronic fatigue syndrome) 3. chronic pain syndromes (fibromyalgia) 4. conditions involving flare up (ex: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, etc.) 5. Others? (Chronic conditions)
56
Goal for chronic disease and disability participants
maintain to avoid functional decline
57
Consistency
the principle of consistency states that training must occur on a continual and regular basis to produce or maintain training adaptations
58
With aerobic training, detraining occurs with more than ___ days of rest between exercise sessions.
3
59
potential barriers to exercise for those who are impaired or disabled
``` transport flare ups (increased pain and fatigue, decreased function) depression busy schedule lack of time ```
60
objective for waterbased execises on healthy older women p.263
to evaluate effects of short term ex detraining on the FUNCTIONAL FITNESS of older women after a 12 week water based exercise WE program
61
method for waterbased execises on healthy older women p.263
12 weeks of trainin after 4 and weeks of detraining
62
results for waterbased execises on healthy older women p.263
no changes found in control inproved aerobic capacity, neuromuscular fitness and Q of L for the ones who did. Ater 6 weeks of detraining, upper, low body strength, agility, flexibility, body balance returned to UN levels.
63
What is fitness testing for?
Fitnesstestingshouldbeconductedtoestablishbaselinelevelsinallparameters of fitness before setting program goals
64
When testing for muscular fitness with conditions that have asymmetrical effects (ex: stroke TBI MS SCI) be sure to....
conduct tests on both sides of body
65
what will fitness tsting help you with?
The testing will not only highlight needs for equipment modifications, but also direct your choice of exercise (ex: arm vs. leg muscles) and conditioning variables (ex: strength, endurance, flexibility etc.)... It depends on where improvements are needed (ex: what you found in your SFT testing)
66
fitness tesing: 1-Motor control or coordination:
identify the extent and nature of any impairment (e.g., paralysis, spasticity, athetosis, restriction in joint mvt due to pain or swelling, etc.). identify initial levels of spasticity + pain + restriction in joint mvt, and note if it increases or decreases with specific exercises
67
STROKE IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENT SCALE: Testing of:
MOTOR FUNCTION in hemiparetic participants
68
STROKE IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENT SCALE: validated in
Strokepopulation.Couldfitother neuro conditions (ex. CP, MS, TBI, ALS) but no validation studies yet
69
STROKE IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENT SCALE: items presented in this scale:
CanbeusedasEXERCISESto improve motor control in neuro conditions
70
STROKE IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENT SCALE Pros and Cons:
 Easyandquick(p)  Provideinfoonspecific impairments observed in stroke patients (p)  Sometimesdifficulttoscore between 2 numbers (c)
71
Balance fitness testing
test general stability with exercise from a standing or Berg Balance Scale or Step test sitting position fullerton scale
72
ROM fitness testing
identify muscle imbalances, joint instability, effects of exercise on postexercise ROM, or needs for additional stretching during the warm-up or cool-down (active vs. passive)
73
Pain fitness testing
``` determine if any types of exercise or movements cause or increase pain (how?) _M_c_G_il_l _P_a_in__Q_u_e_st_io_n_n_a_i_re__+_V_A__S__ ```
74
Fatigue fitness testing
identify individuals prone to excessive fatigue due to extreme deconditioning, limited muscle function, or other conditions associated with the specific disability (such as MS or fibro + chronic fatigue syndrome) + How to measure it: VAS
75
McGill Plan Questionnaire
INSTRUCTIONS: For each row, place an "X" next to the one word that best describes your pain. Choose no more than one word in each row. If no words in a row describe your pain, then do not choose any words in that row.
76
whats the most common scale used to assess pain in the medical/rehab community?
McGill Pain Questionnaire
77
For each row in the mcgill questionnaire, words are placed in (ascending/descending) order.
ascending
78
Muscle function fitness testing
identify functional muscles that can be trained; identify needs for adapting equipment for stability (overhead harness on treadmill, wall bar) and hand gripping; - Identify muscle groups with weakness and distinguish between weakness due to deconditioning, progressive or neuromuscular disorders
79
Sensation fitness testing
identify muscle groups where sensation is lacking
80
light touch =
feather
81
pin prick =
needle
82
ASIA scale has which 2 components
motor and sensory

EXCI 380 (6 decks)

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