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EXCI 380 > EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION P.241 > Flashcards

EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION P.241 Flashcards

1
Q

Basic principles of conditioning

A 
overload
specificity
progression
consistency
assessment and screening
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2
Q

Overload

A

implies that adaptions of some unit or system of the body (ex: muscular system for walking) will occur if it is repeatedly stressed to a level beyond which it is normally accustomed.

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3
Q

Overload is defined by which 4 variables?

A

SAME AS FITT

Frequency - how often
Intensity - to what degree
Duration - period of time
Mode - type of activity

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4
Q

In general, gains in muscle strength o end require a min of _____ to _____ days of resist training (one day of recovery between days of training to prevent overwork… alternate muscle grow).

A

2-3

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5
Q

For those who are frail, have arthritis, or fibromyalgia, etc, what kind of frequency do they?

A

they could prob only do light loads

so shorter training sessions may be appropriate for people with extreme weakness or fatigue

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6
Q

when should exercise be reocmmended at home?

A

1) conditions involving periods of flare up (like MS)

2) adapted transport

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7
Q

Reps for optimal strength gains

A

3-7 reps

keep in mind thi might be hard for some conditions, who would benefit more from less reps and higher load

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8
Q

Reps for musc endurance

A

12-20 reps

more reps = lower load

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9
Q

Exercise load can be determined by the amount of resistance that cuases a slight __________________________ and/or by local muscular fatigue

A

slight burning sensation in the muscle

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10
Q

Each set of reps should result in…

A

muscle fatigue

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11
Q

If the load is too high, what will tend to happen?

A

the use of substitute motions (like trunk movement during knee extension)

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12
Q

low load is recommended for which people?

A 
join instability
weakness
muscle spasms
at risk of high BP
symptoms of pain or fatigue
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13
Q

Stroke = ISOM contractions for longer than ____ seconds which increases BP.

A

6 sec

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14
Q

Is the overload principle always appropriate?

A

no

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15
Q

Who should avoid exercising until fatigued?

A

people with progressive diseases
joint instability
chronic pain with movement
or likelihood to develop disabling fatigue

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16
Q

Arthritis: if joint is affected but not painful

A

STRENGTH: 5-10 reps with low load (with 3 sets)

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17
Q

Arthritis: if joint is slightly swollen and mildly painful

A

STRENGTH: cut the reps in half

7-15 reps (3x)

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18
Q

Arthritis: if joint is hot and swollen and painful

A

STRENGTH: avoid strengthening in general

BUT! ROM exercises should be performed daily. Reps depends on pain and swelling

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19
Q

Recovery of ___ to ____ minutes should be used for general strengthening routines

A

2-4

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20
Q

To stress the glycolytic system, rests of ________ should be prescribed.

A

a min or less

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21
Q

Work:Rest ratio

A

compares time required to perform a set of repetitions to the rest period

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22
Q

(Longer/shorter) rest periods are optimal for pure strength training

A

Longer
as high as 1:12

USUALLY 1:6 TO 1:12

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23
Q

(Longer/shorter) rest periods are optimal for muscular endurance

A

ratios as low as 1:1

USUALLY 1:1 TO 1:2

need to adapt per person tho!

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24
Q

Recommended work to rest ratios for conditions involving fatigue, pain or muscle weakness?

A

HIGH ratios like 1:6 to 1:12

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25
Q

What can stretching benefit?

A

maintains ROM
decreases or controls spasticity
may prevent muscle atrophy (gradual decline in effectiveness)

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26
Q

How long should warm ups be?

A

6 to 12 second for warm up

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27
Q

Flexibility duration?

A

10-30s

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28
Q

What is a contracture?

A

shortening and hardening of muscles and connective tissue, tendons, other tissues often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints. decreased ROM

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29
Q

What causes contracture?

A

inactivity and scarring from an injury or burn

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30
Q

muscles involved in contractures / hand paralysis?

A

flexor pollicis longus, thumb flexors

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31
Q

what causes contracture longterm?

A

spasticity and prolonged loss of joint mobility (absence of movement)

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32
Q

what happens to muscle with contracture

A

muscle fibers remodel themselves

more fibrous tissue

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33
Q

types of contractures

A

dynamic - occur during movement

fixed - present at all times

34
Q

Increased stretch = ________ sarcomeres = _______ muscle atrophy = normal ROM

A

increased sarcomeres, decreased muscle atrophy

35
Q

when muscle is immobilised in a shortened position, there isa reduction in muscle fiber length due to _______ sarcomeres. This leads to _______ muscle stiffness. = _________ ROM and _________ pain.

A

decreased

increased

decreased

incresed

36
Q

Article for stretch on sarcomere tested what kind of stretch?

A

intermittent stretch

37
Q

What happened in the sarcomere article?

A

no movement of ankle in plantar flexion = reduction of sarcomere of 19%

HALF HOUR STRETCHING is best:
maintains normal DF
prevents sarcomere loss
increase in serial sarcomere of as much as 10% within 2 hours
doesnt cause as much weight loss as the other stretching times!

38
Q

Immobilisation is the loss of sarcomeres leading to reduction in…

A

muscle fiber length

39
Q

When a muscle is immobilised in a shortened position there is both a reduction in muscle fiber length due to loss of serial sarcomere AND remodelling of _______________________________, and replacement of ______ tissue with ______ fibrous tissue. Which leads to muscle stiffness

A

intramuscular connective tissue

replacement of soft tissue to dense fibrous tissue

40
Q

Contracture: paralysis/weakness cause is for…

A

SCI, TBI, MS

41
Q

Contracture: spasticity cause is for…

A

SCI, TBI, MS

42
Q

Contracture: pain cause is for…

A

arthritis, neuropathic

43
Q

How to immobilize contracture?

A

casting or splinting

44
Q

How to adjust frequency (where to start)?

A

start with SOAP

45
Q

Modifying overload with aerobic training

A

p.256!!!!!!! didnt write questions on it

46
Q

upper body ex calculation

A

(200-age)*%HRmax=target HR

47
Q

Borg RPE scale most commonly used for?

A

used for tests of perceived exertion

48
Q

Advantage of borg RPE scale?

A

given ratings grow linearly with exercise intensity, HR and VO2

49
Q

As intensity increases, HR and VO2 increase, so ratings will _________

A

increase

50
Q

Specificity

A

adaption to ex training is specific o the nature of the exercise activity and the physiologic systems that are stressed

51
Q

Specificity article research paper explained

A

Hemiparetic participants of secondary stroke.
Treatment group: 12-week high intensity (70% of the 1 RM) resistance training (bilateral leg press, knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion). Frequency = 3 x per week Control group: 12-week upper extremity stretching

52
Q

Results of specificity research paper

A

Significant improvement in muscle strength in the treatment group but
no change in the control group

No significant change in any functional measures in both groups

53
Q

Clinical message for specificity

A

Clinical Message (in your notes: see rectangle at the bottom of the page)

  • Training effect is specific to the exercise mode: ↑ knee extensors did not ↑ functional test results.
  • If the goal is to ↑ functions (walking, stair climbing, standing up from chair, etc.) then design functional exercises (ex: stepping up and down; walking, chair rise, etc)
54
Q

Progression

A

Progression is the requirement that exercise training progressively increases the overload stimulus to elicit continual improvements in fitness (or functional level).

EX: ↑ treadmill speed to increase cardiovascular capacity in participants with MS

55
Q

Progression may not always be achieved with the following disorders/conditions:

A
  1. progressive disorders (ex ALS MS MD)
  2. abnormal fatigue (chronic fatigue syndrome)
  3. chronic pain syndromes (fibromyalgia)
  4. conditions involving flare up
    (ex: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, etc.)
    5. Others? (Chronic conditions)
56
Q

Goal for chronic disease and disability participants

A

maintain

to avoid functional decline

57
Q

Consistency

A

the principle of consistency states that training must occur on a continual and regular basis to produce or maintain training adaptations

58
Q

With aerobic training, detraining occurs with more than ___ days of rest between exercise sessions.

A

3

59
Q

potential barriers to exercise for those who are impaired or disabled

A 
transport
flare ups (increased pain and fatigue, decreased function)
depression
busy schedule
lack of time
60
Q

objective for waterbased execises on healthy older women p.263

A

to evaluate effects of short term ex detraining on the FUNCTIONAL FITNESS of older women after a 12 week water based exercise WE program

61
Q

method for waterbased execises on healthy older women p.263

A

12 weeks of trainin after 4 and weeks of detraining

62
Q

results for waterbased execises on healthy older women p.263

A

no changes found in control
inproved aerobic capacity, neuromuscular fitness and Q of L for the ones who did. Ater 6 weeks of detraining, upper, low body strength, agility, flexibility, body balance returned to UN levels.

63
Q

What is fitness testing for?

A

Fitnesstestingshouldbeconductedtoestablishbaselinelevelsinallparameters of fitness before setting program goals

64
Q

When testing for muscular fitness with conditions that have asymmetrical effects (ex: stroke TBI MS SCI) be sure to….

A

conduct tests on both sides of body

65
Q

what will fitness tsting help you with?

A

The testing will not only highlight needs for equipment modifications, but also direct your choice of exercise (ex: arm vs. leg muscles) and conditioning
variables (ex: strength, endurance, flexibility etc.)… It depends on where improvements are needed (ex: what you found in your SFT testing)

66
Q

fitness tesing:

1-Motor control or coordination:

A

identify the extent and nature of any impairment (e.g., paralysis, spasticity, athetosis, restriction in joint mvt due to pain or swelling, etc.).

identify initial levels of spasticity + pain + restriction in joint mvt, and note if it increases or decreases with specific exercises

67
Q

STROKE IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENT SCALE: Testing of:

A

MOTOR FUNCTION in hemiparetic participants

68
Q

STROKE IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENT SCALE: validated in

A

Strokepopulation.Couldfitother neuro conditions (ex. CP, MS, TBI, ALS) but no validation studies yet

69
Q

STROKE IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENT SCALE: items presented in this scale:

A

CanbeusedasEXERCISESto improve motor control in neuro conditions

70
Q

STROKE IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENT SCALE Pros and Cons:

A

 Easyandquick(p)
 Provideinfoonspecific impairments observed in stroke patients (p)
 Sometimesdifficulttoscore between 2 numbers (c)

71
Q

Balance fitness testing

A

test general stability with exercise from a standing or
Berg Balance Scale or Step test
sitting position
fullerton scale

72
Q

ROM fitness testing

A

identify muscle imbalances, joint instability, effects of exercise on postexercise ROM, or needs for additional stretching during the warm-up or cool-down (active vs. passive)

73
Q

Pain fitness testing

A 
determine if any types of exercise or movements cause or
increase pain (how?) _M_c_G_il_l _P_a_in\_\_Q_u_e_st_io_n_n_a_i_re\_\_+_V_A\_\_S\_\_
74
Q

Fatigue fitness testing

A

identify individuals prone to excessive fatigue due to
extreme deconditioning, limited muscle function, or other conditions
associated with the specific disability (such as MS or fibro + chronic
fatigue syndrome)
+ How to measure it: VAS

75
Q

McGill Plan Questionnaire

A

INSTRUCTIONS:
For each row, place an “X” next to the one word that best describes your pain. Choose no more than one word in each row. If no words in a row describe your pain, then do not choose any words in that row.

76
Q

whats the most common scale used to assess pain in the medical/rehab community?

A

McGill Pain Questionnaire

77
Q

For each row in the mcgill questionnaire, words are placed in (ascending/descending) order.

A

ascending

78
Q

Muscle function fitness testing

A

identify functional muscles that can be trained; identify needs for adapting equipment for stability (overhead harness on treadmill, wall bar) and hand gripping;
- Identify muscle groups with weakness and distinguish between weakness due to deconditioning, progressive or neuromuscular disorders

79
Q

Sensation fitness testing

A

identify muscle groups where sensation is lacking

80
Q

light touch =

A

feather

81
Q

pin prick =

A

needle

82
Q

ASIA scale has which 2 components

A

motor and sensory

EXCI 380 (6 decks)

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