Postural Assessment Flashcards
The proprioceptive system consist of
Muscle spindle and golgi tendon and mechanoreceptors
Function of the muscle spindle
Stretching and elongation
Vestibular apparatus consists of ?
The semi circular canals and the otoliths
What’s the function of the crista ampullaris
They indicate rotational movement
What muscles are responsible for the muscle contractions
Anti gravity muscles
What’s the basic antigravity muscle
Quadriceps femoris
Most important function of the antigravity muscles
To control contractions
Good posture entails
Maximum efficiency and minimum effortb
Reference point for gravity line
The reference point for head -earlobe
Shoulder-acromion
Trunk- midline
Hip-greater trochanter
Knee- anterior to mindline posterior to patella
Ankle- 3-3.5cm anterior to lateral malleolus
Kyphotic- lordotic posture
Head- foward Cervical spine- hyper lordosis Scapula- abducted Thoracic- increased flexion(kyphosis) Lumber spine- hyper lordosis Pelvis- anterior pelvic tilt Hip joint- flexed Knee joint- hypertension Ankle joint- planter flexed
Flat back posture
Cervical spine- slightly extended Thoracic spine - upper thoracic(increased flexion) Lower thoracic ( flattened) Lumber spine( lumber lordosis) Pelvis- posterior pelvic tilt
Sway back
Mostly hyper in all areas
What is pes planus (flat foot)
Low arch of the foot or excessive pronation
Pes clavus?
Hight arch of the foot
For the anterior posterior analysis for foot
Hallux valgus - laterla deviation of the first digit at metatarso-phalangeal joint
Claw toe
Hypertension of the metatarso- phalangeal joint and flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint
Hammer toes
Hyperextension in the metasophalangeal joint and distal interphalangeal joint
Then flexion in the proximal interphalangeal joint
In the chest region (anterior analysis)
1, harrison groove…. Explain
Also called rickets
The bones are weak
Chest looks like a triangle
Depression on both sides
Pectus excavatum
This is a concave shape in the chest cavity
The sternum goes inward
Barrel chest?
Antero-posterior diameter of chest is increased
Pectus cavinatum
Or pigeon chest
Sturnum projects anteriorly and downwards
Elbow deformity ( anteriorly)
Cubitus valgus
The forearm deviates laterally from the arm at an angle greater than
15• in women and 10• in men
Cubitus varus
Forearm deviates medially
15’ degrees in woman and 10 degrees in men
Ankle and foot ( posterior assessment)
Pes planus - flat foot
It is pronated
Pes cavus is supinated your
What is scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine greater than 10 degrees
Structural scoliosis is divided into
Idiopathic
Congenital
Neuromuscular
The type of scoliosis formed from birth and is as a result of the spine not forming properly is?
Congenital scoliosis
Example of neuromuscular scoliosis
Cerebral palsy
Myelodysplasia
Muscles associated with anterior pelvic tilt
Erector spinae , sartorius and illipsaos
Muscles in posterior pelvic tilt
Gluteus femoris, hamstring muscles and rectus abdominis
Differences btw kyphotic- lordotic , flat back and sway back
Klp- hyperlordosis in the cervical spine
Flat back- slight extension
Sway back- hyper lordosis or hyper kyphosis
Tests for scoliosis
Adams foward bending test Fergusons test Cobb angle Risers test Bunnel test
Factors affecting scoliosis
Gender , maturity, severity of curve
Curve pattern and curve location
Angle of scoliosis
Mild scoliosis is 25 degree or less
Moderate is 25- 40
Severe - 40+ in adolescence and 50 + for adults
Assessment in scoliosis
Anamnese
Physical assessment of asymmetries
Posture analysis
