Postmidterm (DNA)

Question 1

___contains a combination of DNAs of
different origins; combining of different DNAs is made possible by the use restriction enzymes and ligase

Answer 1

Recombinant DNA molecule

Question 2

act as scissors that cut both
strands of the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone;

these enzymes are found primarily in bacteria

Answer 2

restriction endonucleases

Question 3

Enzyme that joins two DNA molecules

Answer 3

DNA ligase

Question 4

recognize specific sequences within the DNA molecule; the recognized sequences are usually 4-6 base pairs (bp) and palindromic.

Answer 4

Restriction endonucleases

Question 5

Two Types of ends found in DNA strands after being cut by restriction
enzymes

Answer 5

Blunt end

Sticky end

Question 6

is when both strands are
of equal length and have no unpaired bases.

Answer 6

Blunt end

Question 7

is when one strand is
longer than the other and has unpaired bases that can form hydrogen bonds with complementary
bases.

Answer 7

Sticky end

Question 8

____are helpful in
cloning because they can be joined by DNA ligase.

Answer 8

Sticky ends

Question 9

are named after the organism from which they are isolated

Answer 9

Restriction emzymes

Question 10

catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between the sugar and
the phosphate of adjacent nucleotides, but it requires that one nucleotide
has a free 5’ phosphate and the adjacent one has a 3’ hydroxyl group

Answer 10

Ligase

Question 11

When DNA ligase joins two different DNA fragments, the fragments become one DNA molecule, a_____

Answer 11

recombinant DNA

Question 12

Transfer of the recombinant DNA into the host cell is done using any
suitable DNA delivery method such as ____

Answer 12

electroporation

Question 13

Known as molecular cloning

Answer 13

DNA cloning

Question 14

is the set of experimental techniques used to generate
a population of organisms carrying the same molecule
of recombinant DNA.

Answer 14

DNA cloning

Question 15

T or F

Recombinant DNA molecules are formed in vivo by inserting DNA fragments of interest into vector DNA molecules.

Answer 15

F- Recombinant DNA molecules are formed in VITRO by inserting DNA fragments of interest into vector DNA molecules.

Question 16

DNA molecules that are used as vehicles in
transporting the foreign piece of DNA into the host cell; these vectors can replicate independently in a host cel

Answer 16

Cloning vectors

Question 17

These are small, double strands of bacterial DNA that are extrachromosomal; usually multiple copies of plasmids are present in a
bacterial cell

Answer 17

Plasmid vectors

Question 18

a unit of measurement used to help designate the length of DNA or RNA.

Answer 18

Kilobase (kb)

Question 19

One kilobase is equal
to___ bases.

Answer 19

1,000

Question 20

The_____ colonies have the gene of interest

Answer 20

white bacterial colonies

Question 21

The white bacterial colonies
have the gene of interest (i.e.
they are recombinants) while
the ____ ones do not have the
gene of interest

Answer 21

blue

Question 22

also known as phages, are viruses that infect and
replicate only in bacterial cells. They are ubiquitous in the environment and recognized as the earth’s most abundant biological
agent

Answer 22

Bacteriophages

Question 23

In the____ cycle, viruses quickly take over the host cell, make many copies, break the cell, and
infect other cells.

Answer 23

lytic cycle

Question 24

In the____ cycle, viruses sneak into the host’s DNA, stay hidden, and wait. Later, they become active, make copies, and
infect other cells

Answer 24

lysogenic cycle

Question 25

These are engineered hybrids of phage DNA and plasmids

• It contains cos sites for packaging into phage particles, plasmid replication origin for
replication in bacterial hosts and genes for plasmid selection

Answer 25

Cosmid vectors

Question 26

typically ___to ___ 45kb can be cloned into cosmid vectors

Answer 26

35 to 45 kb

Question 27

The procedure involves the radioactive labeling of
the 5′-P ends of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
with 32P-dATP using polynucleotide kinase.

Answer 27

Maxam- Gillbert

Question 28

In maxam-gillbert process, the the DNA is denatured with DiMethyl SulfOxide
(DMSO) at 90°C and the resulting ssDNA molecules
are segregated via ___

Answer 28

electrophoresis

Question 29

method, which was introduced in 1977, is a method based on
chain elongation termination, which is used in DNA

Answer 29

Sanger method

Question 30

These are useful for eukaryotic molecular
studies
• It has the following components:
o a centromere
o a telomere
o an autonomously
replicating sequence (ARS)

Answer 30

Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YAC)

Question 31

These are synthetic vectors that have been widely used in large genome
sequencing projects

Answer 31

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC)

Question 32

• Recombinant DNA containing the viral DNA and DNA of interest are packaged into viral particles in a the
test tube

Answer 32

PhageDNA vectors