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Anatomy > Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa, Leg > Flashcards

Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa, Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Common Features of Hamstrings

A
  1. Originate from ischial tuberosity
  2. Insert on bones of leg (cross hip & knee joints)
  3. Extend thigh & flex leg, not fully both simultaneously
  4. Innervated by tibial nerve
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2
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: superior portion medial tibial shaft(pes anserinus)
A: extends thigh, flexes leg
N: innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

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3
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: posterior portion medial tibial condyle
A: extends thigh, flexes leg
N: Innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerves (L5-S2)

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4
Q

Biceps Femoris Long Head

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: head of fibula (the only one)
A: covers & protects sciatic nerve, extends thigh, flexes leg
N: Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

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5
Q

Biceps Femoris Short Head

A

O: linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line
I: head of fibula (same as long head)
A: Flexes leg
N: Common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

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6
Q

Popliteal Fossa Borders

A

Superlateral: long head of biceps femoris
Superomedial: semimembranosus
Inferolateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius
Inferomedial: medial head of gastrocnemius
Roof: popliteal fascia (deep fascia)
Floor: popliteal surface of femur, posterior surface of knee capsule, popliteus muscle (superior to inferior)

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7
Q

Popliteal Fossa Contents

A
  • Lesser saphenous vein
  • Popliteal artery & vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Common fibular nerve
  • Sural nerve
  • popliteal artery palpable
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8
Q

Tibial nerve

A
  • medial, bisects fossa
  • motor branches
  • medial sural cutaneous
  • exits via soleal arch
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9
Q

Common Fibular (peroneal)

A
  • lateral, leaves fossa
  • sural communicating branch
  • exits superficial to lateral gastrocnemius
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10
Q

Popliteal artery

A
  • deepest NV structure in fossa
  • continuation of superficial femoral artery
  • begins at adductor hiatus
  • ends at inferior border of popliteus muscle
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11
Q

Genicular anastomosis

A
  • maintains circulation to leg during full flexion
  • superior lateral & medial genicular arteries
  • middle genicular artery
  • inferior lateral and medial genicular arteries
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12
Q

Crural Fascia (deep)

A
  • fixed to anterior & medial borders of tibia
  • anterior & posterior intermuscular septa
  • anterior, lateral & posterior muscular compartments
  • posterior compartment further divided into superficial & deep components
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13
Q

4 Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Leg

A
  1. Tibialis Anterior
  2. Extensor hallucis longus
  3. Extensor digitorum longus
  4. Fibularis Tertius
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14
Q

Properties of Anterior Compartment of Leg

A
  1. Dorsiflex foot, extend toes
  2. invert foot
  3. Deep fibular nerve
  4. Most prone to compartment syndrome
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15
Q

Properties of Lateral Compartment of Leg

A
  1. Evert foot
  2. Superficial fibular Nerve
  3. Smallest compartment
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16
Q

2 Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Leg

A
  1. Fibularis Brevis

2. Fibularis Longus

17
Q

3 Muscles of Superficial Compartment of Leg

A
  1. Soleus
  2. Plantaris
  3. Gastrocnemius
18
Q

4 Muscles of Deep Compartment of Leg

A
  1. Flexor Digitorum longus
  2. Tibialis posterior
  3. Flexor Hallicus Longus
  4. Popliteus
19
Q

Properties of Deep Compartment of Leg

A
  • tightly confined

- neurovascular structures

20
Q

Retinacula

A
  • crural fascia thickens into bands near ankle
  • superior & inferior extensor retinaculum (anterior)
  • superior & inferior fibular retinaculum (lateral)
  • flexor retinaculum (medial)
  • binds tendons & NV structures as they cross ankle joint
21
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

-most superficial & proximal
-crosses knee & ankle joints
-Medial & lateral heads
O: superior to medial femoral condyle, lateral aspect of lateral femoral condyle
I: calcaneal tuberosity
N: Tibial nerve
A: plantar flexion, flexes knee
-mostly white fibers

22
Q

Soleus

A 
O: proximal posterior fibula, soleal line of tibia 
I: calcaneal tuberosity
N: innervated by tibial nerve
A: plantar flexion 
-mostly red fibers
23
Q

Plantaris

A
  • short muscle, long tendon (freshmen’s nerve)
  • crosses knee & ankle
  • insignificant as plantar flexor or flexor of knee
  • lies of superficial to popliteal vessels & tibial nerve
24
Q

Calcaneal Tendon

A
  • strongest

- rotates 90 degrees in descent

25
Q

Popliteus

A
  • forms portion of floor of popliteal fossa
  • crosses knee joint
  • insignificant flexor of knee
  • stabilizes femur during flexion to prevent anterior displacement
26
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL)

A

-located laterally in leg
-runs deep to FDL
-runs between sesamoid bones at head of 1st metatarsal
O: inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula
I: base of distal phalanx of great toe
A: plantar flexion (weakly), flexes hallux (most powerful)
N: tibial nerve

27
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL)

A 
-located medially in leg 
O: posterior middle 1/3 of tibia
I: bases of distal phalanges 2nd-5th 
A: Plantar flexion (weakly), flexes 2nd-5th toes
N: tibial nerve
28
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

-deepest muscle in compartment
-between FHL & FDL
-tendon deep of FHL & FDL
O: interosseous membrane, posterior tibia & fibula
I: midfoot bones, sustentaculum tali
A: inverts ankle, weak plantar flexion
N: tibial nerve

29
Q

Blood supply of posterior compartment

A

posterior tibial artery

30
Q

Blood supply of lateral compartment

A

fibular artery

31
Q

Largest Cutaneous Nerve

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)

32
Q

Hamstring Injuries

A
  • pulled, torn proximal hamstrings tendon
  • running, kicking sports
  • exquisitely painful
  • Avulsion fracture of ischial tuberosity
  • common in cadavers (dragged by legs)
33
Q

Sciatica

A
  • L5 or S1 compression
  • increased ossification of 4th foramina (size discrepancy)
  • L4-L5 or L5-S1 herniation
  • piriformis syndrome: skaters, climbers, females, early bifurcation
  • low back, hip pain: radiation to posterior thigh, leg, foot
  • straight leg-raise to test for sciatica
  • age related dehydration & fibrosis of nucleus pulposus
  • acute herniation rare
34
Q

Achilles Rupture

A
  • devastating injury of leg
  • preceded by calcaneal tendinitis (runners, poor footwear)
  • audible snap during forceful plantar flexion
  • palpable gap
  • surgical repair, extensive recovery
35
Q

Popliteal/Posterior Tibial Pulses

A
  • routine physical exam
  • popliteal most difficult: deep, tough popliteal fascia
  • flex knee
  • palpate inferior fossa against tibia
  • posterior tibialis palpated simultaneously
  • invert foot to relax retinaculum
  • weak or absent, may indicate PVD

Anatomy (4 decks)

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