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Anatomy > Anterior & Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior & Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Action of Anterior Compartment of Thigh

A

-flexors of thigh, extensors of leg

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2
Q

Action of Medial Compartment of Thigh

A

-adductors of thigh

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3
Q

Action of Posterior Compartment of Thigh

A

-extensors of thigh, flexors leg

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4
Q

Properties of Anterior Thigh

A
  • largest
  • femoral artery is the major blood supply
  • most innervated by femoral nerve
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5
Q

Pectineus

A

-transitional between medial & anterior compartments
-medial floor of femoral triangle
O: superior pubic ramus
I: pectineal line of femur (inferior to lesser trochanter)
A: adducts and flexes thigh
N: innervated by obturator and femoral nerves

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6
Q

Femoral Triangle Borders

A 
Medial Floor: pectineus 
Lateral floor: iliopsoas
Lateral Border: Sartorius
Medial border: adductor longus
Superior: inguinal ligament
Roof: fascia lata with saphenous hiatus
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7
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Lateral Iliacus: O: iliac fossa, SI joint
N: Femoral nerve
Medial Psoas Major: O: transverse processes L1-L5
N: ventral rami L1, L2
I: lesser trochanter
A: flexes thigh

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8
Q

Sartorius

A

O:ASIS
I: medial surface of proximal tibia (pes anserinus)
A: flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh; flexes leg (all weakly)
N: femoral nerve
-crosses the leg

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9
Q

Quadriceps Femoris

A
  • major extensor of leg
  • large & strong
  • all merge to form quadriceps (patellar) tendon
  • continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
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10
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

-most superficial
-only quadricep to cross hip
O: AIIS
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A: Flexes thigh. &extends leg
N: Femoral nerve

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11
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

O: greater trochanter & linea aspera (lateral lip)
I: tibial tuberosity and tibia via patellar ligament
A: Extends leg
N: Femoral nerve

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12
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

O: intertrochanteric line & linea aspera (medial lip)
I: tibial tuberosity and tibia via patellar ligament
A: extends leg
N: femoral nerve

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13
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

O: anterior & lateral femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A: extends leg
N: femoral nerve

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14
Q

Properties of Medial Thigh

A
  • adductor group
  • insert on divisions of linea aspera
  • innervated by obturator nerve
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15
Q

Adductor Longus

A

-most anterior to adductor group
-insertion passes between superficial & deep divisions of femoral artery
O: body of pubis
I: middle 1/3 of linea aspera
A: adducts thigh
N: anterior division of obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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16
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

-deep to pectineus & adductor longus
-lies between anterior & posterior divisions of obturator nerve
O: body & inferior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line
A: adducts thigh
N: anterior division of obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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17
Q

Hamstrings part of Adductor Magnus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: adductor tubercle of femur
A: extends thigh
N: tibial division of sciatic nerve

18
Q

Adductor part of Adductor Magnus

A

O: inferior pubic ramus
I: linea aspera & medial supracondylar line
A: adducts, flexes thigh
N: posterior division of obturator nerve

19
Q

Gracilis

A

-most medial muscle of thigh
-weakest adductor
O: body & inferior ramus of pubis
I: medial surface of proximal tibia (pes anserinus)
N: obturator nerve

20
Q

Pes Anserinus

A
  • common tedinous insertion
  • semitendinosus (posterior compartment)
  • sartorius (anterior compartment)
  • gracilis (medial compartment)
  • all cross hip & knee
  • all stabilize medial knee when extended
21
Q

Obturator Externus

A

O: external surface of obturator membrane
I: Intertrochanteric fossa
A: lateral rotator of thigh
N: obturator nerve
-shares fx with gluteal muscles
-shares location & innervation with medial compartment muscles

22
Q

Contents of Femoral Triangle

A
  • NAVEL
  • femoral nerve
  • femoral artery
  • femoral vein & greater saphenous vein
  • empty space
  • lymphatics
23
Q

Retroinguinal Space

A
  • deep to inguinal ligament
  • passageway between trunk & lower limb
  • 2 compartments divided by iliopectineal arch
24
Q

Lateral Muscular Compartment of Retroinguinal Space

A
  • iliopsoas muscle

- femoral nerve

25
Q

Medial Vascular Compartment of Retroinguinal Space

A
  • femoral artery
  • femoral vein (greater saphenous vein)
  • lymphatics
  • site of femoral hernias (appear through the empty space)
26
Q

Femoral Nerve

A
  • terminal branch of lumbar plexus
  • enters anterior compartment through lateral retroinguinal space (branches early)
  • innervates all muscles of anterior compartment (pectineus dually innervated)
  • 2 branches in adductor canal: nerve to vastus medialis, saphenous nerve
27
Q

Proximal anterior thigh vasculature

A
  • external iliac artery –> common artery
  • superficial circumflex iliac
  • superficial epigastric
  • superficial external pudendal
28
Q

Profunda Femoris Vasculature

A
  • lateral circumflex femoral (deep to rectus femoris)

- medial circumflex femoral (between iliopsoas & pectineus)

29
Q

Lateral Circumflex Femoral

A

Ascending branch: superior gluteal
Descending branch: geniculars
Transverse branch: medial and circumflex femoral

30
Q

Medial circumflex femoral

A
  • supplies femoral head & neck

- frequently injured in hip dislocations/femoral neck fractures

31
Q

Profunda Femoris

A
  • deep to adductor longus
  • superficial to adductor brevis
  • primary blood supply to thigh
  • perforating branches penetrate adductor magnus & posteromedial intermuscular septum
32
Q

Perforating Arteries

A
  • wrap around posterior femur
  • supply adductor magnus, hamstrings, vastus lateralis
  • 3 compartments
33
Q

Adductor (Subsartorial, Hunter’s) Canal

A
  • fascial compartment between anterior/medial compartments
  • apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
  • SFA and SFV become popliteal at adductor hiatus
34
Q

Contents of Adductor Canal

A
  • superficial femoral artery & vein
  • nerve to vastus medialis
  • saphenous nerve
35
Q

Adductor Hiatus

A
  • superficial femoral artery & vein pass from anterior to posterior compartment
  • becomes popliteal vessels in popliteal fossa
36
Q

Greater Saphenous Vein

A
  • superficial vein
  • harvested for coronary bypass
  • originates from dorsum of foot
  • anterior to medial malleolus
  • posterior to medial condyle
  • passes through deep fascia at saphenous hiatus (joins femoral vein)
37
Q

Hip Pointer

A
  • bone bruise of iliac crest, typically at ASIS

- high contact sports

38
Q

Charley horse

A
  • acute cramping of anterior thigh muscle: ischemia, contusion
  • localized hematoma (direct trauma, rectus femoris injury)
39
Q

Groin pull

A

Tearing of origins of medial thigh muscles. Occurs with quick start sports

40
Q

Femoral Hernias

A
  • least common type of groin hernia
  • typically in females
  • viscera pass through femoral ring “empty space”, medial to femoral vein
  • bulge presents below inguinal ligament (rare)
  • bounded by inguinal & Cooper’s ligament
  • incarceration & strangulation common
  • repair mandated due to potential ischemia
41
Q

Psoas Abscess

A
  • suppurative retroperitoneal infection (uncommon)
  • delayed dx, high morbidity
  • Primary: hematogenous spread from occult source
  • Secondary: Crohn’s, tuberculosis of spine
  • pus tracks between psoas fascia & muscle
  • can extend below inguinal ligament
  • mimics hernias, inguinal adenopathy, etc
42
Q

Femoral Artery & Vein Cannulation

A

Artery: midway between ASIS & pubic tubercle, cardiac catheterization
Vein: medial to femoral pulse, central venous cath, hemodialysis access, PA catheters
-pros: large sizes, easy access, compressible
-cons: infection, pseudoaneurysm (blood surrounds artery that leaks out, giving impression of aneurysm but is actually a hematoma), nonambulatory

Anatomy (4 decks)

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