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MSK Test 2 Extra > Posterior Thigh OIANA > Flashcards

Posterior Thigh OIANA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin for Hamstrings?

What is the one exception?

A

Ischial tuberosity

For all except the short head of biceps femoris (origin = lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line)

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2
Q

What is the innervation for hamstrings?

What is the one exception?

A

Tibial Division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

For all except short head of biceps femoris (N by common fibular division (L4-S2)

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3
Q

What is the Action for true hamstrings?

A

Flex at knee and extend at hip

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4
Q

What muscle does Semitendinosus M. Share a proximal tendon with?

A

Biceps femoris M.

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5
Q

Where does the Semitendinosus insert?

With what?

A

Inserts onto Pes Anserinus

With a long, cord-like tendon

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6
Q

What is the origin of Semitendinosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

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7
Q

What is the innervation of Semitendinosus?

A

Tibial Division of Sciatic N.

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8
Q

What is the action of Semitendinosus?

A

Extend thigh, flex leg, medially rotate flexed leg

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9
Q

What is the origin of semimembranosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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10
Q

Where does the Semimembranosus M. insert?

A

Posterior part of the medial tibial condyle

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the Semimembranosus M.?

A

Tibial division of Sciatic N.

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12
Q

What is the action of semimembranosus?

A

Extend high, flex leg, medially rotate flexed leg

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13
Q

The distal tendon of Semimembranosus M. Divides into what 2 main parts?

A
  1. Medial Tibial condyle

2. Oblique popliteal Ligament

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14
Q

What forms part of the popliteal fossa floor?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

Also reinforces intercondylar portion of knee joint capsule

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15
Q

Where does the long head of Biceps Femoris M. Originate?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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16
Q

Where does the short head of biceps femoris m. Originate form?

A

Lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line

Femur

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17
Q

What is the insertion for Biceps Femoris M.?

A

Lateral aspect of fibular head

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18
Q

What is the innervation for long head biceps femoris m.

A

Tibial division of sciatic n.

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19
Q

What is the innervation for short head biceps femoris m.?

A

Common fibular division of sciatic n.

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20
Q

What is the action of the long head of biceps femoris m.

Short head?

A

Extend thigh, flex leg, laterally rotate flexed leg

Flex leg, laterally rotate flexed leg

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21
Q

Where does the “hamstring” adductor magnus M. Go from and to?

A

From hip to distal femur vertically

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22
Q

origin of adductor magnus m.
Hamstring part
Adductor part

A

H: ischial tuberosity

A: Inferior Ramus of pubis and Ramus of ischium

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23
Q

insertion of adductor magnus m.

Hamstring part
Adductor part

A

H: Adductor tubercle on medial condyle of femur

A: Gluteal tuberosity linea aspera and medial supracondylar line (Femur)

24
Q

Innervation of adductor magnus m.
Hamstring part
Adductor part

A

H: Tibial division of sciatic n.

A: Obturator nerve and branches of posterior division

25
What are the borders of the popliteal fossa? What is the floor of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Lateral head of gastrocnemius Medial head of gastrocnemius Floor: popliteal surface of femur, oblique popliteal ligament (from semimembranosus tendon), posterior surface of proximal tibia
26
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa? | From superficial to deep
Nerves (tibial and common fibular Ns.) Popliteal vein, branches and lymph nodes Popliteal artery and branches
27
What becomes the 4th perforating branch?
The terminating deep femoral artery
28
What do the perforating arteries supply? What is the course of the perforating arteries?
Posterior thigh muscles and adductor magnus Courses from anterior to posterior by piercing adductor magnus
29
What nerve ends at the superior angle of the popliteal fossa? What does it divide into?
Sciatic nerve Divides into 1. Tibial nerve 2. Common fibular n.
30
What arises from the femoral artery in the adductor canal?
Descending genicular artery | This artery also supplies genicular anastomosis
31
What is the popliteal artery a continuation of? When did it become the popliteal artery? What does it divide into?
Femoral artery Became popliteal after passing thru adductor hiatus Terminates as 1. Anterior tibial artery 2. Posterior tibial artery
32
What arteries contribute to the genicular anastomosis?
Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery Saphenous branch of the Descending genicular artery Articular branch of the descending genicular artery {{ Superior medial and lateral genicular artery Middle genicular artery (supplies the capsule itself) Inferior medial and lateral genicular artery }}
33
What 4 muscles does the tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) innervates?
Long head of Biceps Femoris M. Semitendinosus M. Semimembranosus M. Hamstring Portion of Adductor Magnus
34
What does the Common fibular Division of the sciatic nerve (L4-S2) innervates?
Short. Head of biceps femoris
35
When does the popliteal vein become the femoral v.?
After traversing adductor hiatus
36
What kind of vein is the small saphenous v. ?
Superficial cutaneous vein
37
Where does cutaneous fluid in the posterior thigh drain to?
Superficial popliteal nodes along small saphenous v.
38
Where does the deep leg and foot drain to?
Deep popliteal nodes along popliteal vein
39
Where does the proximal drainage from feet and leg go to?
Accompanies femoral vein to deep inguinal nodes Continued drainage follows venous return
40
What are the three grades of a hamstring injury?
grade 1 = mild, small disruption in structural integrity, no loss of strength Grade 2 = moderate, partial tears, pain present, definite loss of strength Grade 3 = severe, complete tear, swelling, severe pain, typically accompanied hematoma, complete loss of motor function
41
Skin on posterior leg is innverated by? Where does this nerve come from?
medial sural cutaneous n. Tibial nerve
42
What nerve winds around the head and neck of fibula and is susceptible to injury?
Common fibular n.
43
Skin on posterolateral leg is innervates by? Where does this nerve come from?
Lateral sural cutaneous n. Common fibular n.
44
What does the sural nerve run with?
Runs inferiorly with small saphenous v.
45
What is the Pes anserinus?
Conjoined tendon From sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
46
What is Pes anserine bursitis?
Inflammation of anserine bursa Due to overuse or trauma Results in constant, aching pain aggravated by activity specifically flexion and internal rotation of knee
47
What are the two types of Distal Femoral Fractures?
Metaphyseal fracture: a transverse fracture across shaft, MOST COMMON Physeal fracture: transverse fracture involving epiphyseal plate, Salter-Harris classification
48
How do you tell if there has been vascular injury in a distal femoral fracture?
Swelling in popliteal space Diminished dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial pulses Slow distal cap refill Cold, pale feet
49
How do you tell if there has been a nerve injury in a distal femoral fracture?
Foot drop | Sensory deficits to dorsal or plantar foot
50
What is acute compartment syndrome as it relates to distal femoral fractures?
Increased pressure in a closed fasciae compartment Commonly due to hemorrhage and/or edema Present with persistent deep ache or burning pain Paresthesia Pain with passive stretch Muscle weakness
51
What is a Popliteal (Baker’s) Cyst?
Swelling in popliteal fossa due to enlargement of gastrocnemius semimembranosus bursa Mostly asymptomatic Could have complications: 1. Enlargement 2. Rupture
52
What is a peripheral Aneurysm?
Localized englargement of artery due to weakened arterial wall
53
What is the most common true peripheral aneurysm?
Popliteal artery aneurysms Involve all three layers of vessel wall
54
What are the symptoms of a Peripheral Aneurysm? How do they present?
Thromboembolism Mass effect Rupture Claudication or ischemic pain at rest Sensory/motor nerve deficit Severe pain behind knee
55
What is peripheral artery disease due to?
Artherosclerosis (buildup of cholesterol in arterial wall) Lack of blood flow leads to pain in affected muscle groups
56
How does Peripheral Artery Disease present?
``` Claudication Ischemic pain at rest Severe diffuse pain No healing ulcer Gangrene ```
57
What is the function of the popliteus muscle?
Thin, triangular muscle that forms inferior part of floor for popliteal fossa Inserts to tibia NOT A KNEE FLEXOR But during flexion at knee, assists in pulling the lateral meniscus of the knee joint posteriorly When a person is standing with the knee partly flexed, the popliteus m. Contracts to assist the PCL in preventing anterior displacement of the femur on the inclined tibial plateau

MSK Test 2 Extra (5 decks)

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