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MSK Test 2 Extra > Posterior Thigh OIANA > Flashcards

Posterior Thigh OIANA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin for Hamstrings?

What is the one exception?

A

Ischial tuberosity

For all except the short head of biceps femoris (origin = lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line)

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2
Q

What is the innervation for hamstrings?

What is the one exception?

A

Tibial Division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

For all except short head of biceps femoris (N by common fibular division (L4-S2)

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3
Q

What is the Action for true hamstrings?

A

Flex at knee and extend at hip

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4
Q

What muscle does Semitendinosus M. Share a proximal tendon with?

A

Biceps femoris M.

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5
Q

Where does the Semitendinosus insert?

With what?

A

Inserts onto Pes Anserinus

With a long, cord-like tendon

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6
Q

What is the origin of Semitendinosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

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7
Q

What is the innervation of Semitendinosus?

A

Tibial Division of Sciatic N.

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8
Q

What is the action of Semitendinosus?

A

Extend thigh, flex leg, medially rotate flexed leg

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9
Q

What is the origin of semimembranosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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10
Q

Where does the Semimembranosus M. insert?

A

Posterior part of the medial tibial condyle

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the Semimembranosus M.?

A

Tibial division of Sciatic N.

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12
Q

What is the action of semimembranosus?

A

Extend high, flex leg, medially rotate flexed leg

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13
Q

The distal tendon of Semimembranosus M. Divides into what 2 main parts?

A
  1. Medial Tibial condyle

2. Oblique popliteal Ligament

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14
Q

What forms part of the popliteal fossa floor?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

Also reinforces intercondylar portion of knee joint capsule

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15
Q

Where does the long head of Biceps Femoris M. Originate?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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16
Q

Where does the short head of biceps femoris m. Originate form?

A

Lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line

Femur

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17
Q

What is the insertion for Biceps Femoris M.?

A

Lateral aspect of fibular head

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18
Q

What is the innervation for long head biceps femoris m.

A

Tibial division of sciatic n.

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19
Q

What is the innervation for short head biceps femoris m.?

A

Common fibular division of sciatic n.

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20
Q

What is the action of the long head of biceps femoris m.

Short head?

A

Extend thigh, flex leg, laterally rotate flexed leg

Flex leg, laterally rotate flexed leg

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21
Q

Where does the “hamstring” adductor magnus M. Go from and to?

A

From hip to distal femur vertically

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22
Q

origin of adductor magnus m.
Hamstring part
Adductor part

A

H: ischial tuberosity

A: Inferior Ramus of pubis and Ramus of ischium

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23
Q

insertion of adductor magnus m.

Hamstring part
Adductor part

A

H: Adductor tubercle on medial condyle of femur

A: Gluteal tuberosity linea aspera and medial supracondylar line (Femur)

24
Q

Innervation of adductor magnus m.
Hamstring part
Adductor part

A

H: Tibial division of sciatic n.

A: Obturator nerve and branches of posterior division

25
Q

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

What is the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

Biceps femoris

Lateral head of gastrocnemius

Medial head of gastrocnemius

Floor: popliteal surface of femur, oblique popliteal ligament (from semimembranosus tendon), posterior surface of proximal tibia

26
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

From superficial to deep

A

Nerves (tibial and common fibular Ns.)
Popliteal vein, branches and lymph nodes

Popliteal artery and branches

27
Q

What becomes the 4th perforating branch?

A

The terminating deep femoral artery

28
Q

What do the perforating arteries supply?

What is the course of the perforating arteries?

A

Posterior thigh muscles and adductor magnus

Courses from anterior to posterior by piercing adductor magnus

29
Q

What nerve ends at the superior angle of the popliteal fossa?

What does it divide into?

A

Sciatic nerve

Divides into

  1. Tibial nerve
  2. Common fibular n.
30
Q

What arises from the femoral artery in the adductor canal?

A

Descending genicular artery

This artery also supplies genicular anastomosis

31
Q

What is the popliteal artery a continuation of?

When did it become the popliteal artery?

What does it divide into?

A

Femoral artery

Became popliteal after passing thru adductor hiatus

Terminates as

  1. Anterior tibial artery
  2. Posterior tibial artery
32
Q

What arteries contribute to the genicular anastomosis?

A

Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery

Saphenous branch of the Descending genicular artery

Articular branch of the descending genicular artery

{{ Superior medial and lateral genicular artery
Middle genicular artery (supplies the capsule itself)
Inferior medial and lateral genicular artery }}

33
Q

What 4 muscles does the tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) innervates?

A

Long head of Biceps Femoris M.
Semitendinosus M.
Semimembranosus M.
Hamstring Portion of Adductor Magnus

34
Q

What does the Common fibular Division of the sciatic nerve (L4-S2) innervates?

A

Short. Head of biceps femoris

35
Q

When does the popliteal vein become the femoral v.?

A

After traversing adductor hiatus

36
Q

What kind of vein is the small saphenous v. ?

A

Superficial cutaneous vein

37
Q

Where does cutaneous fluid in the posterior thigh drain to?

A

Superficial popliteal nodes along small saphenous v.

38
Q

Where does the deep leg and foot drain to?

A

Deep popliteal nodes along popliteal vein

39
Q

Where does the proximal drainage from feet and leg go to?

A

Accompanies femoral vein to deep inguinal nodes

Continued drainage follows venous return

40
Q

What are the three grades of a hamstring injury?

A

grade 1 = mild, small disruption in structural integrity, no loss of strength

Grade 2 = moderate, partial tears, pain present, definite loss of strength

Grade 3 = severe, complete tear, swelling, severe pain, typically accompanied hematoma, complete loss of motor function

41
Q

Skin on posterior leg is innverated by?

Where does this nerve come from?

A

medial sural cutaneous n.

Tibial nerve

42
Q

What nerve winds around the head and neck of fibula and is susceptible to injury?

A

Common fibular n.

43
Q

Skin on posterolateral leg is innervates by?

Where does this nerve come from?

A

Lateral sural cutaneous n.

Common fibular n.

44
Q

What does the sural nerve run with?

A

Runs inferiorly with small saphenous v.

45
Q

What is the Pes anserinus?

A

Conjoined tendon

From sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

46
Q

What is Pes anserine bursitis?

A

Inflammation of anserine bursa

Due to overuse or trauma

Results in constant, aching pain aggravated by activity specifically flexion and internal rotation of knee

47
Q

What are the two types of Distal Femoral Fractures?

A

Metaphyseal fracture: a transverse fracture across shaft, MOST COMMON

Physeal fracture: transverse fracture involving epiphyseal plate, Salter-Harris classification

48
Q

How do you tell if there has been vascular injury in a distal femoral fracture?

A

Swelling in popliteal space
Diminished dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial pulses
Slow distal cap refill
Cold, pale feet

49
Q

How do you tell if there has been a nerve injury in a distal femoral fracture?

A

Foot drop

Sensory deficits to dorsal or plantar foot

50
Q

What is acute compartment syndrome as it relates to distal femoral fractures?

A

Increased pressure in a closed fasciae compartment
Commonly due to hemorrhage and/or edema

Present with persistent deep ache or burning pain
Paresthesia
Pain with passive stretch
Muscle weakness

51
Q

What is a Popliteal (Baker’s) Cyst?

A

Swelling in popliteal fossa due to enlargement of gastrocnemius semimembranosus bursa

Mostly asymptomatic

Could have complications:

  1. Enlargement
  2. Rupture
52
Q

What is a peripheral Aneurysm?

A

Localized englargement of artery due to weakened arterial wall

53
Q

What is the most common true peripheral aneurysm?

A

Popliteal artery aneurysms

Involve all three layers of vessel wall

54
Q

What are the symptoms of a Peripheral Aneurysm?

How do they present?

A

Thromboembolism
Mass effect
Rupture

Claudication or ischemic pain at rest
Sensory/motor nerve deficit
Severe pain behind knee

55
Q

What is peripheral artery disease due to?

A

Artherosclerosis (buildup of cholesterol in arterial wall)

Lack of blood flow leads to pain in affected muscle groups

56
Q

How does Peripheral Artery Disease present?

A 
Claudication
Ischemic pain at rest
Severe diffuse pain
No healing ulcer
Gangrene
57
Q

What is the function of the popliteus muscle?

A

Thin, triangular muscle that forms inferior part of floor for popliteal fossa

Inserts to tibia

NOT A KNEE FLEXOR

But during flexion at knee, assists in pulling the lateral meniscus of the knee joint posteriorly

When a person is standing with the knee partly flexed, the popliteus m. Contracts to assist the PCL in preventing anterior displacement of the femur on the inclined tibial plateau

MSK Test 2 Extra (5 decks)

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