Posterior Pituitary (pathophys)

Question 1

other name for posterior pituitary

Answer 1

neurohypophysis

Question 2

Products of posterior pituitary

Answer 2

vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin
Neurophysins

Question 3

Disorders of posterior pituitary

Answer 3

Diabetes insipidus

SIADH

Question 4

How do neurosecretory granules get to posterior pituitary?

Answer 4

axon

Question 5

3 stimulatory osmotic solutes regulating ADH release

Answer 5

sodium
mannitol
urea

Question 6

non-stimulatory ostmotic solute wrt ADH

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

non-osmotic regulation of ADH

Answer 7

hemodynamic (hypotension, hypovolemia)
nausea/vomiting
hypoglycemia
renin-angiotensin
pain, stress, emotion

Question 8

how many transmembrane domains are there in aquaporins? What type?

Answer 8

6 alpha helices

Question 9

Location of amino and carboxy termini of aquaporins

Answer 9

cytoplasmic surface

Question 10

factors regulating oxytocin release

Answer 10

suckling
pregnancy & parturition
osmotic factors
hemodynamic factors

Question 11

Acute hyponatremia symptoms

Answer 11

early (Na > 120 mmol/L) nausea, vomiting, headache

late (Na < 120 mmol/L) seizure, coma, resp. arrest

Question 12

chronic hyponatremia symptoms

Answer 12

lethargy, confusion, muscle cramps, neurologic impairment

Question 13

3 types of hyponatremia

Answer 13

hypovolemic - high urine output and Na excretion, ^ANFactor
hypervolemic - edema states & water intox
euvolemic - ADH mediated

Question 14

SIADH

Answer 14

hyponatremia w/low Posm (hypotonic)
Uosm > Posm
Urine sodium >20 mmol/L
no edema, renal or endocrine disease, drugs

Question 15

Causes of SIADH

Answer 15

paraneoplastic
trauma
CVA
infection
drugs (psychotropic, anti-cancer)

Question 16

hypernatremia sodium level

Answer 16

> 145 mEq/L

Question 17

hypernatremia symptoms

Answer 17

thirst
lethargy
irritability
seizures
fever
oliguria

Question 18

4 etiologies for hypernatremia

Answer 18

pure water depletion
sodium excess
water depletion exceeding Na depletion
pharmacologic agents

Question 19

vasopressin deficiency

Answer 19

central DI

Question 20

vasopressin resistance

Answer 20

nephrogenic DI

Question 21

psychogenic DI

Answer 21

primary polydipsia

Question 22

DI test - vasopressin administration

Answer 22

suppresses urine osmolality t suppress urine osmolality - CDI