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Endocrine CBD > Pituitary Gland (path) > Flashcards

Pituitary Gland (path) Flashcards

1
Q

Makeup of posterior pituitary

A

neuroendocrine

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2
Q

makeup of anterior pituitary

A

vascular glandular

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3
Q

color of anterior pituitary

A

red

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4
Q

overall function of pituitary

A

role in regulation of most other endocrine glands

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5
Q

Connection of hypothalamus to posterior pituitary

A

neuroendocrine direct stimulation by neurons

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6
Q

connection of hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

A

vascular/endocrine through hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels

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7
Q

GRH stimulates & where

A

ACTH secretion, anterior pituitary

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8
Q

GnRH stimulates & where

A

LH/FSH secrection, anterior pituitary

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9
Q

GHRC stimulates & where

A

GH secretion, anterior pituitary

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10
Q

TRH stimulates & where

A

TSH and PRL secretion, anterior pituitary

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11
Q

SRIF stimulates & where

A

inhibition of GH, anterior pituitary

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12
Q

VIP stimulates & where

A

stimulation of PRL secretion, anterior pituitary

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13
Q

Dopamine stimulates & where

A

inhibition of PRL secretion , anterior pituitary

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14
Q

most cells in pituitary make what

A

GH (40-50%)

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15
Q

% of cells that make PRL

A

15-25%

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16
Q

arrangement of cells in anterior pituitary

A

vascular
arrangement in clusters (hard to see)
basophilic & acidophilic cells (hard to see)

17
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior pituitary

18
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior pituitary

19
Q

hypopituitarism common causes (8)

A 
postsurgical
postirradiation
cysts
tumors
ischemia/hemorrhage
inflammation
empty sella syndrome
gene defect
20
Q

Infarct usual location

A

usually anterior lobe

21
Q

% of lobe that must be lost in infarct before symptomatic

A

75%

22
Q

causes of infarct (6)

A 
DM
CVA
^ICP
hypoperfusion (trauma, etc)
sheehan's syndrome
pituitary apoplexy
23
Q

sheehan’s syndrome

A

post-partum necrosis/infarct of pituitary

from edema & blood loss
no prolactin –> lack of lactation. Take’s a minute to be symptomatic when not nursing

24
Q

ddx for granulomatous histology of pituitary (4)

A

TB, fungal, sarcoid, idiopathic giant cell

25
Q

hyperpituitarism (4 causes)

A

hyperplasia
pituitary adenoma
ectopic secretion by nonpituitary tumor
hypothalamic disorder

26
Q

pituitary hyperplasia

common?
2 types
2 patterns
example

A

uncommon
primary & secondary
nodular & diffuse
ACTH hyperplasia in Addison’s disease

27
Q

Pituitary adenoma - common?

A

very - 10% of intracranial neoplasms

28
Q

pituitary adenoma

ages
associated condition
usually found earlier when functional or nonfunctional?

A

30-50 yo
MEN
functional

29
Q

pituitary carcinoma - freq?

A

vanishingly rare

30
Q

common symptom of pituitary enlargement

A

optic defects - chasm is very close

31
Q

most common type of pituitary adenoma

A

prolactin cell adenoma (disproportionately high at 20-30%)

32
Q

sex pref for pituitary adenoma

A

equal M/F

33
Q

gross morphology of pituitary adenomas

A

fragemented (resection artifact)
well circumscribed
macro or micro (1cm division)
larger lesions may extend to suprasellar region

34
Q

histopathlogy of pituitary adenomas

A

sheet-like
monomorphic
loss of reticulin fiber network
fx status not predicted from std histo appearance
immunohistochemical staining confirmatory

35
Q

can fx status be predicted from std histo appearance in pituitary adenoma?

A

no. need immunohistochemical stains

36
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

ADH deficiency –> excretion of large V dilute urine. hypernatremia, increased osM.

after trauma, tumors, inflammatory disorder, postsurg

37
Q

SIADH

A

ADH excess –> ectopic secretion of tumor (small cell lung cancer, often). hyponatremia, cerebral edema, neuro dysfunction.

Endocrine CBD (10 decks)

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