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Head and Neck Anatomy > Posterior Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What structures form the boundaries of the posterior neck triangle?

A

Superior border of trapezius, posterior border of SCM, clavicle

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2
Q

What important structures are contained within the posterior cervical triangle?

A

EJV
Accessory Nerve
Subclavian v.

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3
Q

What two triangles make up the posterior cervical triangle? What are their boundaries?

A

the occipital triangle and the subclavian (omoclavicular) triangle.
Boundaries are trap, SCM, omohyoid (occipital) and clavicle, SCM, omohyoid (subclavian)

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4
Q

What important structure(s) is contained within the occipital triangle?

A

Accessory n.

Nerve point of neck (and respective nerves)

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5
Q

What important structure(s) is contained within the clavicular triangle?

A

EJV
Subclavian v. & a.
Supraclavicular lymph nodes

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6
Q

Trapezius attachments:

A

Proximal attachments: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12
Distal attachments: Clavicle and spine of scapula

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7
Q

Trapezius innervation:

A

Accessory n. (CN XI)

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8
Q

Trapezius arterial supply:

A

Transverse cervical a. (bra. of thyrocervical trunk)

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9
Q

Trapezius actions:

A

Retraction of scapula (all fibers);
Depression of scapula (ascending fibers);
Elevation of scapula (descending fibers);
Superiorly rotates glenoid cavity (ascending and descending fibers)

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10
Q

What is the RON, and what is it responsible for?

A

The Root Of Neck is the connector of the neck, thorax, and upper limbs. It also is the proximal attachment for many neck muscles, and transmits important neurovasculature.

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11
Q

What is the anterior scalene m. sandwiched between?

A

the subclavian v. and a.

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12
Q

What establishes the border for the divisions of the subclavian a.?

A

the anterior scalene m.

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13
Q

What muscle is closely associated with the phrenic n.?

A

the anterior scalene m.

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14
Q

What separates the anterior scalene m. and the middle scalene m.?

A

the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus, and the subclavian a.

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15
Q

What are the innervations of the phrenic n.?

A

Efferent/Afferent to the diaphragm. Afferent to the pericardium and diaphragmatic pleura.

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16
Q

Describe how the phrenic n. gets from its origin to its innervation sites.

A

The phrenic n. (C3, 4, 5) depends from the cervical plexus through the RON just anterior to/upon the anterior scalene m. and enters the thorax between the subclavian v. (anterior) and a. (posterior) then continues to the diaphragm (efferent/afferent), pericardium (afferent) and diaphragmatic pleura (afferent).

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17
Q

Where do the paths of the Vagus n. align/change?

A

Both R. and L. Vagus nn. decent the neck within the carotid sheaths and cross anteriorly over the subclavian aa. deep to the first rib. The R. Vagus then sends the R. recurrent laryngeal n. inferiorly then posteriorly around the R. subclavian a. on course for the larynx. The L. Vagus sends the L. recurrent laryngeal n. inferior then posteriorly around the concavity of the arch of the aorta.

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18
Q

How are the three parts of the subclavian a. positioned with respect to the anterior scalene m.?

A

1st part: anteriorly. 2nd part: posteriorly. 3rd part: laterally.

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19
Q

What are the branches of the 1st part of the subclavian a.?

A

vertebral a., thyrocervical trunk (inferior thyroid a., ascending cervical a., transverse cervical a., suprascapular a.), internal thoracic a.

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20
Q

What are the branches of the 2nd part of the subclavian a.?

A

the costocervical trunk (deep cervical a., and highest (supreme) intercostal a.)

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21
Q

What are the branches of the 3rd part of the subclavian a.?

A

the dorsal scapular a.

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22
Q

What is supplied by the vertebral a.?

A

the brain and spinal cord

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23
Q

What is supplied by the inferior thyroid a.?

A

the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

24
Q

What is supplied by the ascending cervical a.?

A

the deep muscles of the neck.

25
Q

What is supplied by the transverse cervical a.?

A

the trapezius m. (often gives rise to the dorsal scapular a.)

26
Q

What is supplied by the internal thoracic a.?

A

the anterior thoracic and abdominal walls, and the diaphragm.

27
Q

What is supplied by the deep cervical a.?

A

The deep muscled of the neck

28
Q

What is supplied by the supreme intercostal a.?

A

the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces

29
Q

What is supplied by the dorsal scapular a.?

A

the rhomboid mm., and the levator scapulae m.

30
Q

Beyond the ______________________, the subclavian a. transitions into the ______________.

A

lateral border of the first rib - axiliary a.

31
Q

Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord in regular intervals as ________ and _________ _________.

A

dorsal and ventral rootlets

32
Q

When dorsal and ventral rootlets coalesce, what are they known as?

A

dorsal and ventral roots

33
Q

When dorsal and ventral roots coalesce, what do they become?

A

the trunk of the spinal nerve

34
Q

Why are dorsal roots easiest to identify

A

they are associated with the dorsal root ganglion (DRG)

35
Q

Dorsal roots (and rootlets) are __________ whereas ventral roots (and rootlets) are __________.

A

Afferent : Efferent

36
Q

How does the trunk of spinal nerves exit the spinal canal?

A

laterally through intervertebral foramen

37
Q

After exiting the spinal canal, what happens to the trunk of spinal nerves?

A

they immediately branch into dorsal primary rams (DPR) and ventral primary rams (VPR)..

38
Q

What contributions make up the cervical plexus.

A

Contributions from VPR from C1-C4

39
Q

What innervations come from the cervical plexus?

A

cutaneous innervations of the neck and posterior scalp, and efferent innervations of the infrahyoid mm., diaphragm, and anterior/middle scalene mm.

40
Q

The brachial plexus consists of contributions from VPR of _________________.

A

cervical nerves C5-C8 and thoracic nerve T1

41
Q

The brachial plexus is responsible for innervations of:

A

Afferent and efferent of the upper limb and pectoral girdle (sans SCM/traps)

42
Q

Where are the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus found?

A

between the anterior and middle scalene mm.

43
Q

Name the trunks of the brachial plexus and their contributions.

A

Superior trunk: VPR of C5 and C6 - Middle trunk: VPR C7 - Inferior trunk: VPR of C8 and T1

44
Q

What three branches originate at the arch of aorta, and what do they give rise to? They supply blood to where?

A

brachiocephalic trunk (R. subclavian a. & R. common carotid a.), L. common carotid a., and L. subclavian a. - They supply blood to the head, neck, upper limbs, and thorax.

45
Q

The common carotid bifurcates into the __________ and the ___________.

A

internal carotid a. : external carotid a.

46
Q

The internal carotid a. has ____ branches in the neck, and enters the _________ through the __________ supplying blood to the ___________________.

A

0 : cranium : carotid canal : brain, orbit and forehead

47
Q

Where does the external carotid a. supply blood to? How many branches does it have? What are the branches?

A

face and superficial head : 8 : superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal a., occipital a., lingual a., facial a., posterior auricular a., maxillary a., superficial temporal a.

48
Q

The superior vena cava transmits blood from the _______, _______, ___________, and __________ to the ______ ________ of the heart.

A

head, neck, upper limbs, and thorax : right atrium.

49
Q

How are the brachiocephalic vv. formed?

A

by the junction of the IJVs with the subclavian vv.

50
Q

Where does the cervical enlargement lie?

A

from C3 to T1

51
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

52
Q

What is the exterior branch of the superior laryngeal n. responsible for?

A

efferent innervation of the cricothyroid m.

53
Q

What is the internal branch of the superior laryngeal n. responsible for?

A

goes inside the larynx and gives sensory to the mucosa of the larynx superior to the vocal cords

54
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal provide?

A

Sensory to the mucosa of larynx inferior to vocal cords.

55
Q

Where does the vertebral artery travel to get to the brain?

A

through C1-C6. Enters skull through foramen magnum

56
Q

what is the hierarchy from rootlets to branches of nerves?

A

Rootlets > roots > trunks > VPR > brachial roots > trunks > divisions > chords > branches

Head and Neck Anatomy (15 decks)

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