Posterior Leg and Plantar Foot

Question 1

The popliteal artery branches into what 2 arteries in the leg?

Answer 1

-Posterior tibial -Anterior tibial (popliteal a. will pierce interosseous m. and give rise to anterior tibial)

Question 2

What artery supplies the anterior leg?

Answer 2

Anterior tibial a. (branch off popliteal a.)

Question 3

What arteries supply posterior and lateral leg?

Answer 3

• Posterior tibial a. - Fibular a. (branch off of posterior tibial a.)

Question 4

What veins supply the anterior leg?

Answer 4

anterior tibial vein

Question 5

When veins supply the posterior and lateral leg?

Answer 5

• Posterior tibial vv. - Fibular v.

Question 6

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation the the anterior and medial leg?

Answer 6

Saphenous n. (from femoral n.)

Question 7

What nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the posterior and lateral leg

Answer 7

• Common Fibular n. - Sural n. (from tibial and common fibular n.)

Question 8

Origin and insertion of Gastrocnemius

Answer 8

O: (M) posterior femur superior to medial condyle (L) Lateral femoral condyle

I: Posterior calcaneus

Question 9

Innervation and action of gastrocnemius

Answer 9

N: Tibial

A: Plantarflexes foot, flexes leg

Question 10

Origin and insertion of soleus

Answer 10

O: Soleal line of tibia; posterior fibular head

I: Posterior calcaneus

Question 11

Innervation and action of soleus

Answer 11

I: Tibial n.

A. Plantarflexes foot

Question 12

What nerve passes deep the tendinous arch of the soleus?

Answer 12

Tibial n.; Posterior a./v.

Question 13

Origin and insertion of plantaris

Answer 13

O: Lateral supracondylar line of femur

I: Posterior calcaneus

*absent if 5-10% of people

Question 14

Innervation and action of plantaris

Answer 14

N: Tibial n.

A: weakly plantarflexes ankle

Question 15

When tendon in the posterior leg can be harvested and used for tendon grafts in the hand

Answer 15

Plantaris

Question 16

Origin and Insertion of Popliteus

Answer 16

O: Lateral Condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

I: Posterior tibia

Question 17

Innervation and action of popliteus

Answer 17

I: Tibial n.

A: Flexes knee; “unlocks” knee

Question 18

Origin and insertion of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 18

O: Posterior fibula and interosseous membrane

I: Plantar surface of distal phalanx of hallux

Question 19

Innervation and Action of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 19

I: Tibial n.

A: flexes hallux

Question 20

Origin and insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus

Answer 20

O: Posterior tibia

I: Plantar surface of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Question 21

Innervation and Action of Flexor Digitorum Longus

Answer 21

N: Tibial n.

A: Flexes digits 2-5

Question 22

Origin and insertion of Tibialis posterior

Answer 22

O: Posterior surface of interosseous membrane; tibia and fibula

I: Navicular

Question 23

Innervation and action of tibialis posterior

Answer 23

I: Tibial n

A: plantarflexes and inverts foot

Question 24

What is the space between the talus and flexor retinaculum?

Answer 24

Tarsal tunnel

Question 25

Posterior to the medial malleolus running from Anterior to Posterior: what muscles make up Tom, Dick, and Harry

Answer 25

Anterior **T**ibialis Posterior Flexor **D**igitorum longus Flexor **H**allucis longus Posterior

Question 26

What artery and nerve run through the tarsal tunnel: Tom, Dick, ANd Harry

Answer 26

Posterior tibial a Tibial n

Question 27

Tarsal Tunnel syndrome

Answer 27

Compression of tibial n. in the tarsal tunnel

Question 28

What is the name of the retinacula on the lateral side of the ankle

Answer 28

Fibular retinacula

Question 29

What is the name of the retinaculae a and b

Answer 29

a: Superior extensor retinacula b. Inferior extensor retinacula

Question 30

What is the name of the retinacula that lies on the medial side of the ankle

Answer 30

flexor retinaculum

Question 31

What is the deep fascia on the bottom of the foot called? The fascia creates what aponeurosis?

Answer 31

1. plantar fascia (Deep fascia) 2. Plantar aponeurosis

Question 32

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 32

straining/inflammation of plantar aponeurosis -pain at attachment to posterior calcaneus and medial foot

Question 33

What artery does the anterior tibial artery turn into in the dorsal aspect of the foot?

Answer 33

Dorsalis pedis a.

Question 34

What is the major arterial vasculature of the dorsal aspect of the foot?

Answer 34

Dorsalis pedis a. -\> Lateral tarsal a. + Arcuate a.-\> Deep plantar a.

Question 35

What is the major arterial vasculature of the plantar surface of the foot

Answer 35

Posterior tibial -\> Medial plantar a. + Lateral plantar a. -\> Deep palmar arch

Question 36

Blood in the foot is mostely drained by what veins?

Answer 36

Superficial vv. - no accompanying arteries - tibutaries of small and great saphenous vv.

Question 37

Cutaneous innervation of dorsal foot

Answer 37

superficial fibular n.

Question 38

Cutaneous innervation of the medial aspect of the leg and foot

Answer 38

saphenous n

Question 39

Cutaneous innervation to Medial aspect of plantar foot

Answer 39

Medial plantar n

Question 40

Cutaneous innervation to the lateral aspect of the plantar surface of the foot

Answer 40

lateral plantar n Sural n

Question 41

What bones comprise the medial longitudinal arches of the foot

Answer 41

* calcaneous * talus * navicular * three cuneiforms * medial 3 metatarsals

Question 42

What bones make up the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot

Answer 42

* calcaneous * cuboid * lateral 2 metatarsals

Question 43

What ligaments give passive support to the longitudinal arches of the foot

Answer 43

* plantar aponeurosis * plantar ligaments * plantar calcaneonavicular (Spring ligament)

Question 44

What nerves supply motor innervation to the foot?

Answer 44

Median plantar n Lateral plantar n. \* branches off of tibial n.

Question 45

What muscles make up the first layer of muscles of the plantar foot

Answer 45

1. abductor digiti minimi 2. Flexor digitorum brevis 3. Abductor hallucis

Question 46

What is the origin and action of the first layer of muscles in the foot: Abductor digit minimi; flexor digitorum brevis; abductor hallucis

Answer 46

O: Calcaneal tuberosity A: Flex/abduct toes

Question 47

What nerve innervates flexor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis?

Answer 47

Medial plantar n.

Question 48

What nerve innervates abductor digiti minimi

Answer 48

lateral plantar n.

Question 49

What is the insertion of the 3 muscles of the first layer of foot muscles (on plantar surface)

Answer 49

* Flexor digitorum brevis: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5 * Abductor hallucis: Proximal phalanx of hallux * Abductor digiti minimi: Lateral side of proximal phalanx of digit 5

Question 50

Flexor tendons

Answer 50

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus inserting on distal phalanges Tendons of flexor digitorum brevis inserting on intermediate phalanges \*tendons of flexor digitorum brevis split around tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Question 51

What muscles make up the second layer of foot muscles

Answer 51

* Quadratus plantae * Lumbricals

Question 52

What muscles make up the third layer of muscles in the foot. What is their common action?

Answer 52

Flexor digiti minimi brevis Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Action: Flex and adduct toes

Question 53

What is the fourth layer of muscles in the foot? What is thier common innervation?

Answer 53

Plantar interosseous muscles Dorsal interosseous muscles Innervation: Lateral plantar n.

Question 54

What 4 muscles of the foot receive innervation from the medial plantar n.?

Answer 54

1. flexor digitorum brevis 2. Abductor hallucis 3. Medial lumbrical 4. Flexor hallucis brevis