Posterior Abdominal Wall (Text)*

Question 1

Sensory innervation to the diaphragm is from what nerves?

Answer 1

• phrenic nerves (from central tendon)

- Intercostal nerves (from peripheral part of the diaphragm)

Question 2

An aortic bifurcation usually occurs at highest point of the iliac crest. What vertebrae does this correspond to?

Answer 2

L4

Question 3

Where do the gonadal arteries arise from?

Answer 3

Aorta

Question 4

How does drainage pathway of the left and right gonadal veins differ?

Answer 4

• left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein

- right gonadal vein drains directly into the IVC

Question 5

What structure does the left gonadal vein drain into?

Answer 5

the left renal vein

Question 6

What structure does the right gonadal vein drain into?

Answer 6

Directly into the IVC

Question 7

Sympathetic innervation of the gut involves what two pathways?

Answer 7

• splanchnic

- suprarenal

Question 8

What are the components of the Renal system (5)?

Answer 8

• kidneys
• suprarenal glands
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Question 9

How doe the positions of the kidneys differ between the right and left sides?

Answer 9

The right side sits lower than the left kidney because of its position to the liver

Question 10

Perinephric fat (perirenal fat capsule)?

Answer 10

Surrounds the kidneys and their vessels as it extends into their hollow centers, the renal sinuses

Question 11

Paranephric fat (pararenal fat body)?

Answer 11

• the extraperitoneal fat of the lumbar region that is most obvious posterior to the kidney.
• the renal fascia sends collagen fibers through this fat layer

Question 12

The superior (apical) segment of the kidney is supplied by what artery?

Answer 12

• the superior (apical) segmental artery

Question 13

The anterosuperior segment of the kidney is supplied by what artery?

Answer 13

• Anterosuperior segmental artery

Question 14

The antero-inferior segment of the kindness is supplied by what artery?

Answer 14

• Antero-inferior segmental artery

Question 15

The inferior segment of the kidney is supplied by what artery?

Answer 15

• inferior segmental artery

Question 16

Which arteries of the kidneys originate from anterior branches of renal artery?

Answer 16

• superior (apical) segmental artery
• anterosuperosuperior segmental artery
• antero-inferior segmental artery
• inferior segmental artery

Question 17

The posterior segment of the kidney is supplied by which artery?

Answer 17

• Posterior segmental artery

Question 18

Which arteries of the kidneys arise from the posterior aspect of the renal artery?

Answer 18

• Posterior segmental artery

Question 19

What are the 3 spots along the ureter where constriction can occur or stones can be caught?

Answer 19

• ureteropelvic junction
• crossing the external iliac artery and/or pelvic brim
• where the ureter traverses into the bladder wall

Question 20

How far upward can the diaphragm extend?

Answer 20

As far as the 5th rib

Question 21

Boundaries of the diaphragm?

Answer 21

• xiphisternal joint
• coastal margin
• body of TV12

Question 22

These three peripheral origins (parts) insert on the central tendon of the diaphragm?

Answer 22

• stern all origin (part)
• costal origin (part)
• lumbar origin (part)

Question 23

Which crura of the diaphragm is longer, the left or the right?

Answer 23

The right crus is longer

Question 24

These three structures unite to form the aortic hiatus?

Answer 24

• medial arcuate ligament ligament
• right crus
• left crus

Question 25

What do the posterior origins of the the diaphragm form on the posterior wall of the diaphragm?

Answer 25

- arcuate ligaments

Question 26

The median arcuate ligament passes over what structure?

Answer 26

Aorta

Question 27

The medial arcuate ligament passes over what structures?

Answer 27

- psoas major | - sympathetic trunks

Question 28

The lateral arcuate ligament passes over what structures?

Answer 28

- quadratus lumborum | - subcostal nn, aa, vv.

Question 29

The arcuate ligaments can also be called what?

Answer 29

Lumbocostal arches - median lumbocostal arch - medial lumbocostal arch - lateral lumbocostal arches

Question 30

What is the name of the potential site of hernias on the diaphragm called?

Answer 30

Vertebrocostal (lumbocostal) triangle

Question 31

Aortic hiatus?

Answer 31

- T12 - aorta - thoracic duct

Question 32

Esophageal hiatus?

Answer 32

- T10 - esophagus - esophageal branches of left gastric a. - anterior and posterior vagal trunks - lymphatics

Question 33

Vena caval foramen?

Answer 33

- T8 - inferior vena cava - terminal branches of R. Phrenic n. - lymphatics from the liver

Question 34

What passes through the sternocostal hiatus?

Answer 34

- superior epigastric vessels

Question 35

Theses arteries supply the superior surface of the diaphragm (3)?

Answer 35

- pericardiacophrenic a - musculophrenic a. - superior phrenic a.

Question 36

These vessels supply the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

Answer 36

Inferior phrenic aa. and vv. - from celiac trunk or aorta, right passes posterior to IVC, left posterior to esophagus, posterior branches give off superior suprarenal aa.

Question 37

What is the only motor nerve to the diaphragm?

Answer 37

Phrenic N. (C3-C5) | - branches run with the inferior phrenic artery.