Posterior abdominal wall

Question 1

bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

Answer 1

L4

Question 2

The inferior vena cava is formed by the union of

Answer 2

2 common iliac veins on right side of L5

Question 3

The _____ pierces the diaphragm opposite T8

Answer 3

Inferior vena cava

Question 4

The ____ arteries arise from the posterior intercostal arteries and from the back of aorta

Answer 4

Lumbar arteries

Question 5

a small vessel that arises from the back of abdominal aorta and descends in front midline of L4 and L5, sacrum and coccyx

Answer 5

Median sacral artery [ends as glomus coccygeum]

Question 6

common iliac arteries arise from the _____ to the left side of ___

Answer 6

aorta, L4

Question 7

The internal iliac artery supplies the

Answer 7

Organs in the pelvic cavity

Question 8

The external iliac artery supplies the

Answer 8

lower extremity

Question 9

Regarding the tributaries of the IVC, the paired veins would be

Answer 9

Lumbar veins and renal veins

Question 10

Hepatic vein, inferior phrenic vein: T8

Right gonadal vein:

Answer 10

L2

Question 11

Right suprarenal vein, renal veins: L1

Common Iliac veins:

Answer 11

L5

Question 12

Regarding the tributaries of the IVC, the unpaired veins would be

Answer 12

Inferior phrenic vein
R gonadal vein
R suprarenal vein (veins of walshaw; supplied by adrenal glands)
Hepatic vein (groove sa likod ng liver)

Question 13

The azygous vein starts at ___ vertebrae by the union of _____

Answer 13

L1-L2, R ascending lumbar and R subcostal veins

Question 14

Written are the parts of the aortic plexus.
What else is missing from this list?
Celiac plexus
Superior mesenteric plexus

Answer 14

inferior mesenteric plexus

intermesenteric plexus

Question 15

What is the significance of the cisterna chyli?

Answer 15

The thoracic duct is the upward continuation of cisterna chyli. Thoracic duct receives all the lymphatic drainage from the lower parts of the diaphragm and GIT

Question 16

The psoas muscle is enclosed by a fibrous sheath derived from the lumbar fascia. This sheath is thickened above to form the

Answer 16

medial arcuate ligament

Question 17

Insertion of the psoas major muscle

Answer 17

lesser trochanter of femur

Question 18

what is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 18

Femoral nerve [L2,L3,L4] - posterior division

Question 19

Emerging from the anterior surface of the psoas muscle: _______ (L1, L2)

Answer 19

Genitofemoral nerve [good-to-know: involved in cremesteric reflex - reflex is elicited by lightly stroking or poking the superior and medial part of the thigh—regardless of the direction of stroke. The normal response is an immediate contraction of the cremaster muscle that pulls up the testis ipsilaterally}

Question 20

Psoas: lumbar plexus
Iliacus: __________

Answer 20

Femoral nerve

Question 21

______ supplies the muscles of the medial thigh compartment

Answer 21

Obturator nerve [L2,L3,L4 - anterior division]

Question 22

Adrenal cortex secretes the ff:
mineral corticoids
glucocorticoids
____________

Answer 22

sex hormones

Question 23

Adrenal medulla secretes the ff: catecholamines
epinephrine
norepinephrine
what is the other name for epinephrine?

Answer 23

adrenaline

Question 24

What is the nerve supply of the adrenal glands?

Answer 24

pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers derived from the splanchnic nerve

Question 25

The diaphragm is supplied by the

Answer 25

phrenic nerves (C3-C5)

Question 26

as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity _____ and air is _____

Answer 26

increases, drawn to the lungs

Question 27

The ______ ligament is under the diaphragm that arches across the upper part of the ______

Answer 27

external arcuate, quadratus lumborum

Question 28

_____ when the stones are composed of:
calcium oxalate (radiopaque)
phosphate
uric acid (radiolucent)

Answer 28

Kidney/Ureteric Calculi

Question 29

\_\_\_\_\_ is caused by adrenocortical tumor due to increased secretion of cortisol
characterized by: 
centripetal obesity 
hypertension
red face
osteoporosis
CNS irritability

Answer 29

Cushing’s syndrome [adrenal glands]

Question 30

Addison's disease is caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
characterized by: 
skin: bronze pigmentation
unlikely distribution of hair 
postural hypotension 
weight loss
serum Na (-)
serum K (+)

Answer 30

chronic adrenocortical insufficiency

Question 31

a tumor rising from cells of adrenal MEDULLA 
characterized by: 
headache 
sweating and flushing 
nausea 
palpitations 
epigastric pain 
tremor
hypertension by release of catecholamines

Answer 31

Pheochromocytoma