Posterior abdominal wall Flashcards
bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
L4
The inferior vena cava is formed by the union of
2 common iliac veins on right side of L5
The _____ pierces the diaphragm opposite T8
Inferior vena cava
The ____ arteries arise from the posterior intercostal arteries and from the back of aorta
Lumbar arteries
a small vessel that arises from the back of abdominal aorta and descends in front midline of L4 and L5, sacrum and coccyx
Median sacral artery [ends as glomus coccygeum]
common iliac arteries arise from the _____ to the left side of ___
aorta, L4
The internal iliac artery supplies the
Organs in the pelvic cavity
The external iliac artery supplies the
lower extremity
Regarding the tributaries of the IVC, the paired veins would be
Lumbar veins and renal veins
Hepatic vein, inferior phrenic vein: T8
Right gonadal vein:
L2
Right suprarenal vein, renal veins: L1
Common Iliac veins:
L5
Regarding the tributaries of the IVC, the unpaired veins would be
Inferior phrenic vein
R gonadal vein
R suprarenal vein (veins of walshaw; supplied by adrenal glands)
Hepatic vein (groove sa likod ng liver)
The azygous vein starts at ___ vertebrae by the union of _____
L1-L2, R ascending lumbar and R subcostal veins
Written are the parts of the aortic plexus.
What else is missing from this list?
Celiac plexus
Superior mesenteric plexus
inferior mesenteric plexus
intermesenteric plexus
What is the significance of the cisterna chyli?
The thoracic duct is the upward continuation of cisterna chyli. Thoracic duct receives all the lymphatic drainage from the lower parts of the diaphragm and GIT
The psoas muscle is enclosed by a fibrous sheath derived from the lumbar fascia. This sheath is thickened above to form the
medial arcuate ligament
Insertion of the psoas major muscle
lesser trochanter of femur
what is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus?
Femoral nerve [L2,L3,L4] - posterior division
Emerging from the anterior surface of the psoas muscle: _______ (L1, L2)
Genitofemoral nerve [good-to-know: involved in cremesteric reflex - reflex is elicited by lightly stroking or poking the superior and medial part of the thigh—regardless of the direction of stroke. The normal response is an immediate contraction of the cremaster muscle that pulls up the testis ipsilaterally}
Psoas: lumbar plexus
Iliacus: __________
Femoral nerve
______ supplies the muscles of the medial thigh compartment
Obturator nerve [L2,L3,L4 - anterior division]
Adrenal cortex secretes the ff:
mineral corticoids
glucocorticoids
____________
sex hormones
Adrenal medulla secretes the ff: catecholamines
epinephrine
norepinephrine
what is the other name for epinephrine?
adrenaline
What is the nerve supply of the adrenal glands?
pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers derived from the splanchnic nerve
The diaphragm is supplied by the
phrenic nerves (C3-C5)
as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity _____ and air is _____
increases, drawn to the lungs
The ______ ligament is under the diaphragm that arches across the upper part of the ______
external arcuate, quadratus lumborum
_____ when the stones are composed of:
calcium oxalate (radiopaque)
phosphate
uric acid (radiolucent)
Kidney/Ureteric Calculi
\_\_\_\_\_ is caused by adrenocortical tumor due to increased secretion of cortisol characterized by: centripetal obesity hypertension red face osteoporosis CNS irritability
Cushing’s syndrome [adrenal glands]
Addison's disease is caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ characterized by: skin: bronze pigmentation unlikely distribution of hair postural hypotension weight loss serum Na (-) serum K (+)
chronic adrenocortical insufficiency
a tumor rising from cells of adrenal MEDULLA characterized by: headache sweating and flushing nausea palpitations epigastric pain tremor hypertension by release of catecholamines
Pheochromocytoma
