Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

The kidneys are even with what spinal segments?

Answer 1

T12-L3

Question 2

Which is higher? the Left or the Right Kidney?

Answer 2

Left

Question 3

What are the kidneys in contact with medially and posteriorly?

Answer 3

Medially: Psoas Major and Suprarenal glands
Posteriorly: Quadratus lumborum

Question 4

What structures run through the hilum of the kidney?

Answer 4

Renal A/V, and ureters

Question 5

Renal veins terminate where?

Answer 5

IVC

Question 6

What is special about the LEFT renal vein?

Answer 6

It is longer than the right and receives the LEFT GONADAL VEIN and the LEFT SUPRARENAL VEIN. On the right these veins terminate directly into the IVC

Question 7

Which renal artery is longer and why?

Answer 7

The right renal artery is longer because the Aorta is positioned on the left side of the vertebral column.

Question 8

At what vertebral level do the renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 8

L2

Question 9

What crosses over the ureter on the posterior body wall of the abdomen?

Answer 9

The gonadal vessels

Question 10

How many suprarenal veins are there? Arteries?

Answer 10

1/3

Question 11

Where do the right and left suprarenal veins drain?

Answer 11

Right - IVC

Left - Left Renal Artery

Question 12

The IVC passes through what hole in the diaphragm? At what vertebral level?

Answer 12

Caval Hiatus at T8

Question 13

The right crus of the diaphragm attaches to…?

Answer 13

The bodies of L1- L3

Question 14

The left crus of the diaphragm attaches to?

Answer 14

Bodies of L1-L2

Question 15

What else goes through the Caval Hiatus?

Answer 15

The Right Phrenic Nerve

Question 16

What passes through the aortic hiatus?

Answer 16

Aorta, Thoracic Duct

Question 17

The aortic hiatus is also called what, and is formed by what?

Answer 17

Also called the median arcuate ligament formed by the left and right crura of the diaphragm.

Question 18

What muscle goes through the medial arcuate ligament?

Answer 18

Psoas major / minor (variable)

Question 19

What muscle goes through the lateral arcuate ligament?

Answer 19

Quadratus Lumborum

Question 20

What goes through the esophageal hiatus and at what level?

Answer 20

Esophagus and the right and left vagal trunks at T10

Question 21

What forms the arcuate ligaments?

Answer 21

Thickening of the fascia above the respective muscles. Ex: psoas major fascia = medial arcuate ligament

Question 22

Motor/Sensory innervation of the diaphragm is provided by what nerves?

Answer 22

Phrenic and Intercostal nerves.

Question 23

Blood supply to the diaphragm comes from?

Answer 23

Musculophrenic
Pericardiocophrenic
Superior and Inferior Phrenics

Question 24

Name the origin and insertion of the quadratus lumborum muscle.

Answer 24

12th rib and Iliac Crest

Question 25

What are the psoas major and quadratus lumborum inntervated by?

Answer 25

Direct branches of the lumbar plexus.

Question 26

THe aorta divides into the common iliac arteries at what vertebral level?

Answer 26

L4

Question 27

Name the 3 paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta.

Answer 27

Renal, Middle Suprarenal, and Gonadal

Question 28

Name the parietal branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 28

Inferior Phrenic and 4 pairs of lumbar arteries

Question 29

What is the first branch off the abdominal aorta?

Answer 29

Inferior Phrenic Arteries (Parietal pair of vessels)

Question 30

Where do the lumbar arteries run?

Answer 30

Deep to the psoas major and ventral to the quadratus lumborum.

Question 31

What is the single branch from the bifurcation of the aorta?

Answer 31

The Median Sacral Artery

Question 32

Where is the IVC formed? By what?

Answer 32

At L5, by the common iliac veins.

Question 33

What is the origin of the thoracic duct and where is is located?

Answer 33

Cysternal Chyli, Posterior to the aorta at L1.

Question 34

Spinal Segments - Subcostal Nerve

Answer 34

T12

Question 35

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal arteries: spinal segments

Answer 35

L1

Question 36

Where does the genitofemoral nerve run and what are its spinal contributions?

Answer 36

Runs on the anterior surface of the psoas major, and L1-L2.

Question 37

Spinal Seg.- Obturator Nerve

Answer 37

L2-L4

Question 38

Spinal Seg. - Femoral Nerve

Answer 38

L2-L4

Question 39

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve - spinal segments

Answer 39

L2,L3

Question 40

Name the 3 portions of the diaphragm.

Answer 40

1- Costal 2- Aternal (xiphoid process) 3 - Lumbar (L1-L3, L1 transverse processes, tip of twelfth rib)

Question 41

The suspensory ligament of the duodenum is called .... and runs between what?

Answer 41

The Ligament of Treitz, and between the diaphragm and the duodenojejunal junction.