Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
The kidneys are even with what spinal segments?
T12-L3
Which is higher? the Left or the Right Kidney?
Left
What are the kidneys in contact with medially and posteriorly?
Medially: Psoas Major and Suprarenal glands
Posteriorly: Quadratus lumborum
What structures run through the hilum of the kidney?
Renal A/V, and ureters
Renal veins terminate where?
IVC
What is special about the LEFT renal vein?
It is longer than the right and receives the LEFT GONADAL VEIN and the LEFT SUPRARENAL VEIN. On the right these veins terminate directly into the IVC
Which renal artery is longer and why?
The right renal artery is longer because the Aorta is positioned on the left side of the vertebral column.
At what vertebral level do the renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?
L2
What crosses over the ureter on the posterior body wall of the abdomen?
The gonadal vessels
How many suprarenal veins are there? Arteries?
1/3
Where do the right and left suprarenal veins drain?
Right - IVC
Left - Left Renal Artery
The IVC passes through what hole in the diaphragm? At what vertebral level?
Caval Hiatus at T8
The right crus of the diaphragm attaches to…?
The bodies of L1- L3
The left crus of the diaphragm attaches to?
Bodies of L1-L2
What else goes through the Caval Hiatus?
The Right Phrenic Nerve
What passes through the aortic hiatus?
Aorta, Thoracic Duct
The aortic hiatus is also called what, and is formed by what?
Also called the median arcuate ligament formed by the left and right crura of the diaphragm.
What muscle goes through the medial arcuate ligament?
Psoas major / minor (variable)
What muscle goes through the lateral arcuate ligament?
Quadratus Lumborum
What goes through the esophageal hiatus and at what level?
Esophagus and the right and left vagal trunks at T10
What forms the arcuate ligaments?
Thickening of the fascia above the respective muscles. Ex: psoas major fascia = medial arcuate ligament
Motor/Sensory innervation of the diaphragm is provided by what nerves?
Phrenic and Intercostal nerves.
Blood supply to the diaphragm comes from?
Musculophrenic
Pericardiocophrenic
Superior and Inferior Phrenics
Name the origin and insertion of the quadratus lumborum muscle.
12th rib and Iliac Crest
What are the psoas major and quadratus lumborum inntervated by?
Direct branches of the lumbar plexus.
THe aorta divides into the common iliac arteries at what vertebral level?
L4
Name the 3 paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta.
Renal, Middle Suprarenal, and Gonadal
Name the parietal branches of the abdominal aorta
Inferior Phrenic and 4 pairs of lumbar arteries
What is the first branch off the abdominal aorta?
Inferior Phrenic Arteries (Parietal pair of vessels)
Where do the lumbar arteries run?
Deep to the psoas major and ventral to the quadratus lumborum.
What is the single branch from the bifurcation of the aorta?
The Median Sacral Artery
Where is the IVC formed? By what?
At L5, by the common iliac veins.
What is the origin of the thoracic duct and where is is located?
Cysternal Chyli, Posterior to the aorta at L1.
Spinal Segments - Subcostal Nerve
T12
Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal arteries: spinal segments
L1
Where does the genitofemoral nerve run and what are its spinal contributions?
Runs on the anterior surface of the psoas major, and L1-L2.
Spinal Seg.- Obturator Nerve
L2-L4
Spinal Seg. - Femoral Nerve
L2-L4
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve - spinal segments
L2,L3
Name the 3 portions of the diaphragm.
1- Costal
2- Aternal (xiphoid process)
3 - Lumbar (L1-L3, L1 transverse processes, tip of
twelfth rib)
The suspensory ligament of the duodenum is called …. and runs between what?
The Ligament of Treitz, and between the diaphragm and the duodenojejunal junction.
