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Block 4 > Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

The kidneys are even with what spinal segments?

A

T12-L3

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2
Q

Which is higher? the Left or the Right Kidney?

A

Left

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3
Q

What are the kidneys in contact with medially and posteriorly?

A

Medially: Psoas Major and Suprarenal glands
Posteriorly: Quadratus lumborum

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4
Q

What structures run through the hilum of the kidney?

A

Renal A/V, and ureters

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5
Q

Renal veins terminate where?

A

IVC

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6
Q

What is special about the LEFT renal vein?

A

It is longer than the right and receives the LEFT GONADAL VEIN and the LEFT SUPRARENAL VEIN. On the right these veins terminate directly into the IVC

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7
Q

Which renal artery is longer and why?

A

The right renal artery is longer because the Aorta is positioned on the left side of the vertebral column.

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8
Q

At what vertebral level do the renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L2

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9
Q

What crosses over the ureter on the posterior body wall of the abdomen?

A

The gonadal vessels

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10
Q

How many suprarenal veins are there? Arteries?

A

1/3

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11
Q

Where do the right and left suprarenal veins drain?

A

Right - IVC

Left - Left Renal Artery

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12
Q

The IVC passes through what hole in the diaphragm? At what vertebral level?

A

Caval Hiatus at T8

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13
Q

The right crus of the diaphragm attaches to…?

A

The bodies of L1- L3

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14
Q

The left crus of the diaphragm attaches to?

A

Bodies of L1-L2

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15
Q

What else goes through the Caval Hiatus?

A

The Right Phrenic Nerve

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16
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus?

A

Aorta, Thoracic Duct

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17
Q

The aortic hiatus is also called what, and is formed by what?

A

Also called the median arcuate ligament formed by the left and right crura of the diaphragm.

18
Q

What muscle goes through the medial arcuate ligament?

A

Psoas major / minor (variable)

19
Q

What muscle goes through the lateral arcuate ligament?

A

Quadratus Lumborum

20
Q

What goes through the esophageal hiatus and at what level?

A

Esophagus and the right and left vagal trunks at T10

21
Q

What forms the arcuate ligaments?

A

Thickening of the fascia above the respective muscles. Ex: psoas major fascia = medial arcuate ligament

22
Q

Motor/Sensory innervation of the diaphragm is provided by what nerves?

A

Phrenic and Intercostal nerves.

23
Q

Blood supply to the diaphragm comes from?

A

Musculophrenic
Pericardiocophrenic
Superior and Inferior Phrenics

24
Q

Name the origin and insertion of the quadratus lumborum muscle.

A

12th rib and Iliac Crest

25
Q

What are the psoas major and quadratus lumborum inntervated by?

A

Direct branches of the lumbar plexus.

26
Q

THe aorta divides into the common iliac arteries at what vertebral level?

A

L4

27
Q

Name the 3 paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta.

A

Renal, Middle Suprarenal, and Gonadal

28
Q

Name the parietal branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Inferior Phrenic and 4 pairs of lumbar arteries

29
Q

What is the first branch off the abdominal aorta?

A

Inferior Phrenic Arteries (Parietal pair of vessels)

30
Q

Where do the lumbar arteries run?

A

Deep to the psoas major and ventral to the quadratus lumborum.

31
Q

What is the single branch from the bifurcation of the aorta?

A

The Median Sacral Artery

32
Q

Where is the IVC formed? By what?

A

At L5, by the common iliac veins.

33
Q

What is the origin of the thoracic duct and where is is located?

A

Cysternal Chyli, Posterior to the aorta at L1.

34
Q

Spinal Segments - Subcostal Nerve

A

T12

35
Q

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal arteries: spinal segments

A

L1

36
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve run and what are its spinal contributions?

A

Runs on the anterior surface of the psoas major, and L1-L2.

37
Q

Spinal Seg.- Obturator Nerve

A

L2-L4

38
Q

Spinal Seg. - Femoral Nerve

A

L2-L4

39
Q

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve - spinal segments

A

L2,L3

40
Q

Name the 3 portions of the diaphragm.

A

1- Costal
2- Aternal (xiphoid process)
3 - Lumbar (L1-L3, L1 transverse processes, tip of
twelfth rib)

41
Q

The suspensory ligament of the duodenum is called …. and runs between what?

A

The Ligament of Treitz, and between the diaphragm and the duodenojejunal junction.

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