Perineum 2 Flashcards
What are the three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue called?
Corpus spongiosum and two (right and left) corpora cavernosa.
The corpus spongiosum gives rise to the _____ distally.
Glans of the Penis
What runs through the corpus spongiosum?
The urethra
What are the layers of penile tissue, from superficial to deep?
SKin, Superficial Penile Fascia, Buck’s fascia, Tunica Albuginea.
What provides blood supply to the corpra cavernosa?
The deep arteries of the penis.
What artery supplies the corpus spongiosum?
The artery to the Bulb of the Penis.
What artery supplies the skin of the penis?
Dorsal Arteries of the Penis
GSA (sensory) innervation to the penis is provided by….
The Dorsal Nerve of the Penis. (Branch of the Pudendal Nerve)
The superficial and deep dorsal veins of the penis drain into?
The internal pudendal vein.
What two ligaments keep the penis up?
The fundiform ligament and the suspensory ligament let you hang a hat on it.
To what do the fundiform and suspensory ligaments attach?
The fundiform ligament is the look of deep fascia that encircles the base of the penis. It attaches to the Linea Alba.
The Suspensory Ligament of the Penis attaches to the pubic symphysis and the dorsal portion of the penis.
What are the two mechanisms of support utilized by the penis?
1- ligaments - fundiform and suspensory
2- root of the penis (not visible externally)
Where is the root of the penis located?
Beneath the scrotum, within the superficial space
To what does the root of the penis attach?
The perineal membrane
Name the components of the root of the penis.
1 - Right and Left crura, which are continuous with the corpra cavernosa
2 - the bulb of the penis, continuous with the corpus spongiosum
Each crus of the penis is attached to what?
Continuous with the corpra cavernosa, attached to the perineal membrane and the pubic arch.
Name the 3 muscles in the superficial compartment of males
- Ischiocavernosus
- Bulbospongiousus
- Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle
Talk about the bulbospongiosus muscle: Where is it, what does it do… etc…
The bulbospongiosus muscle extends from the perineal body and covers the bulb of the penis and the corpus spongiosum.
It compresses the penile part of the urethra and empty it of semen or urine.
Also compresses the dorsal nerve of the penis and prevents drainage of blood from the penis. KEEPS IT HARD.
What 3 muscles attach to the perineal body?
Bulbospongiosus, Superficial Transverse Perineal, and the External Anal Sphincter.
Which muscle arises from the ischiopubic ramus and covers the crus of each penis?
Ischiocavernosus
What’s the function of the ischiocavernosus muscle?
Compress the crus penis and assist erection by forcing blood into the body of the penis/clit.
What does the superficial transverse perineal muscle do?
Attach to the perineal body and provide stability for it. Not associated with the root of the penis.
All 3 muscles in the superficial space are innervated by…?
Perineal Branch of Pudendal Nerve.
Sensory innervation to the scrotum is primarily from ….
the ilioinguinal nerve, genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve.
What secretes the mucus lubrication for the labia? …..ew. And where are the orifices found?
The Greater Vestibular Glands (Bartholin’s) open to the vaginal vestibule within the labia minora
What arteries are responsible for the erection of the clitoris?
The deep arteries of the clitoris.
Name the female structures in the superficial compartment. (related to the external genitalia)
Bulb of the Vestibule, Greater Vestibular Gland, Right and left corpus cavernosa, right and left crus of clitoris, body of clitoris, glans clitoris
What are the 3 skeletal muscles in the superficial pouch of females? What are they innervated by?
- Bulbospongiosus
- Ischiocavernosus
- Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle
All innervated by the Perineal Branch of the Pudendal Nerve.
Which muscles are associated with the root of the clitoris?
the Bulbospongiosus and the Ischiocavernosus.
Which muscles assist in clitoris erection?
The ischiocavernosus muscles compress the crus of the clitoris and maintin blood flow to the area
What does the perineal nerve innervate?
The 5 muscles of the perineum (3 have been described so far), sensory innervation to the urethra, bulb of penis/bulb of vestibule, and posterior scrotum/labia.
What are the two muscles of the deep space? (within the UG diaphragm)
External Sphincter Urethrae Muscle
Deep Transverse Perineal Muscles
Name the 5 skeletal muscles of the perineum and their innervation.
- Bulbospongiosus
- Ischiocavernosus
- Superior Transverse Perineal Muscles
- Deep transverse Perineal Muscles
- External Sphincter Urethrae Muscle
All innervated by the Perineal Nerve
In males, WHat is the UG diaphragm pierced by?
Urethra
Where are the bulbourethral glands in the male located?
In the deep space. (IN the female they’re in the superficial space)
What are male bulbourethral glads commonly called?
Cowper’s glands
