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History Britain 1931-1951 > Post-War Britain > Flashcards

Post-War Britain Flashcards

1
Q

What was the period after the war known as?

A

“Age of Austerity”

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2
Q

What two things increased as servicemen and servicewomen returned?

A

Unemployment and divorce rate

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3
Q

When was Beveridge Report produced?

A

1942

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4
Q

What were the 5 ‘Giant Evils’?

A

Want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness

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5
Q

Why didn’t Conservatives win the 1945 election?

A
  • Relied on Churchill’s fame and popularity
  • Criticised Labour policies rather than explain how they would deal with Britain’s problems
  • Churchill seen as a “man of war” (rumours of wanting war with Russia)
  • Linked Labour to Gestapo
  • Labour wanted to follow Beveridge Report
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6
Q

What two groups mainly supported Labour?

A

First-time voters and armed forces

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7
Q

Who was Minister of Health?

A

Aneurin Bevan

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8
Q

Who was Minister of National Insurance?

A

James Griffiths

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9
Q

What did Labour want to look after people from?

A

“From the cradle to the grave”

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10
Q

What is a welfare state?

A

Help those who need it

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11
Q

How was “want” dealt with?

A

1946 National Insurance Act

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12
Q

Other Acts that dealt with want

A
  • Industrial Injuries Act

- family allowance to mothers per child

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13
Q

When was Employment and Training Act?

A

1948

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14
Q

What was set up in 1948 to provide additional payments to those in need?

A

National Assistance Board

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15
Q

What did Bevan believe healthcare should be?

A

“Free at the point of delivery”

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16
Q

How was “disease” dealt with?

A

National Health Service (NHS)

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17
Q

What year was National Health Service?

A

1946

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18
Q

Services included by NHS?

A
  • Family doctors (GP’s)
  • Optician’s
  • Dental care
  • Maternity service
  • Child welfare services
  • Drugs and medication
  • Hospital treatments
19
Q

Who was against NHS?

A
  • Conservative party
  • Doctors
  • British Medical Association
20
Q

How long did it take for Bevan to reach agreement with doctors?

A

18 months

21
Q

What was the agreement made with Bevan and doctors?

A

Doctors could carry out some private work whilst working for NHS

22
Q

How much did NHS cost in its first year?

A

£500 million

23
Q

What was no longer free after 1951?

A

Dental and optical services

24
Q

When was National Health Service Act?

A

5th July 1948

25
Q

When was Education Act set up?

A

1944

26
Q

Quote that Education Act aimed for

A

“Diversity and equality of opportunity”

27
Q

When did Education Act become a Law?

A

1947

28
Q

What did Education Act do?

A
  • Secondary education compulsory until 15 (later to 16)

- Provided meals, milk and medical services

29
Q

What test did children take at age 11?

A

“Eleven plus”

30
Q

What three different schools were children placed in?

A
  • Grammar schools
  • Technical schools
  • Secondary modern schools
31
Q

The number of children that went to what increased?

A

Secondary schools, colleges and universities

32
Q

What policy was implemented to address squalor?

A

“Homes for all”

33
Q

When was “homes for all” policy and who lead it?

A

1945 by Bevan

34
Q

Short term solutions of squalor

A
  • Homeless in army camps

- 130,000 “prefabs” by 1948

35
Q

How many houses built between 1946- and 1951?

A

800,000

36
Q

Why were new towns built?

A

To reduce overcrowding in cities

37
Q

How were houses improved?

A

Installation of bathrooms and hot water systems

38
Q

How many homes were council houses?

A

4 out of 5

39
Q

Problem with council houses?

A

Could rent but couldn’t buy

40
Q

Industries that were nationalised

A

Coal, gas, electricity, transport (railways, docks, canals, road haulage), airlines, iron and steel

41
Q

How much of industry did government control by 1950?

A

20%

42
Q

Why did government want nationalisation?

A
  • Modernise industries with investments
  • Thought industries should benefit whole nation
  • Labour was socialist
  • Improve working conditions
  • Create jobs and welfare state
43
Q

Why did Labour lose 1951 election?

A
  • Life had hardly improved since war (rationing)
  • Dislike high taxation
  • Divisions in government
  • Conservatives more popular as they were against nationalisation and rationing
44
Q

What is nationalisation?

A

When government takes ownership of industries

History Britain 1931-1951 (3 decks)

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