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History Britain 1931-1951 > Britain During The Depression > Flashcards

Britain During The Depression Flashcards

0
Q

Why did heavy industry decline? (6)

A 
Britain was in debt
Lack of investment in modernising
Welsh coal was expensive
Oil replaced coal as fuel for ships
Coal from Germany in reparations
Iron, steel and coal cheaper from US and Poland
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1
Q

In what years did the Depression affect Britain? (1)

A

1929 to 1939

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2
Q

What was the Gold Standard? What problems did this cause? (1,2)

A

1925 - British pound linked to value of Gold
British goods appeared overpriced
Other countries did not buy goods

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3
Q

What started the Depression? (2)

A

The Wall Street Crash

29 October 1929

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4
Q

Why did the Depression affect Britain? (2)

A

Americans were not buying as much

High tariffs were imposed on imported goods

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5
Q

What is the phrase associated with the spread of the Depression? (1)

A

When America sneezes, the rest of the world catches cold

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6
Q

What did the 1930s become known as in Britain? (1)

A

The hungry thirties

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7
Q

Which areas were affected the most by the Depression? (4)

A

Wales, northern England, Scotland and Northern Ireland

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8
Q

What heavy industries were Wales and northern England most reliant upon before WWI? (2)

A

Wales - Coal

Northern England - Textiles

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9
Q

What did Prime Minister MacDonald want to do during the Depression? (1)

A

Cut government spending

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10
Q

Who wanted to reduce government spending during the Depression? (1)

A

Prime Minister MacDonald

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11
Q

What did Mosley and Keynes want do do during the Depression? (1)

A

Invest money in creating jobs

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12
Q

Who wanted to invest in creating jobs during the Depression? (2)

A

Mosley and Keynes

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13
Q

What was the National Government? (3)

A

A group of the 3 main political parties
Set up in 1931
Try to deal with the economic crisis

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14
Q

How did the government try to deal with the economic crisis of the Depression? (2)

A

Set up the National Government in 1931

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15
Q

What fact supports the textile industry in northern England before 1914? (3)

A

The cotton mills of Lancaster had provided 65% of the world’s market

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16
Q

How bad was unemployment in Jarrow on Tyneside during the Depression? (1)

A

68% of people were unemployed

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17
Q

What were areas badly affected by the Depression called? (2)

A

Depressed areas

Black spots

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18
Q

How many people were unemployed in Rhonda in the 30s? (1)

A

Over 40%

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19
Q

How did the government restrict who could receive benefits during the Depression? (1)

A

The Means Test

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20
Q

Who investigated a family’s finances from 1931 to 1934? (2)

A

PACs - Public Assistance Committiees

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21
Q

When was the dole cut by 10%? (1)

A

1931

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22
Q

Who managed the dole from 1934? (2)

A

UAB - Unemployment Assistance Board

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23
Q

How did people’s health suffer from the Depression? (3)

A

Malnourished
Diseases like TB and scarlet fever
High infant mortality

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24
Q

What was self-help? (1)

A

People grew vegetables on allotments

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25
Q

What did women have to do during the Depression? (1)

A

Make ends meet

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26
Q

How did women reduce spending during the Depression? (4)

A

Cheap ingredients (rabbit instead of pork)
Skip meals
Repaired clothing
Cut their family’s hair

27
Q

How did women increase their income during the Depression? (2)

A

Pawned valuable possessions (wedding rings)

Tried to get jobs in domestic services or retail

28
Q

Why did people protest during the Depression? (2)

A

To persuade the government to help more

They had lots of free time

29
Q

How did people respond to the government threatening to cut benefits in February 1935? Where? (1, 3)

A

Large scale marches

Rhonda, Aberdare, Pontypool

30
Q

What was ransacked by a large group of women during the Depression? (2)

A

The Unemployment Assistance Board offices in Merthyr Tydfil

31
Q

Who organised stay-down strikes in the 30s? Give an example. (2, 2)

A

The South Wales Miners Federation (The Fed)

Risca, 1934

32
Q

What happened to several communists as a result of protests during the Depression? (2)

A

They were arrested and jailed

33
Q

Who organised “hunger marches”? (2)

A

National Unemployed Workers’ Movement (NUWM)

34
Q

When did 2500 people march to London from across the country? (1)

A

October 1932

35
Q

What, and when, was the most famous “hunger march”? (3)

A

The Jarrow Crusade
From Tyneside to London
1936

36
Q

What were the main forms of entertainment during the 30s? (4)

A

Sport (rugby, football, boxing)
Radio
Cinema
Miners Institutes

37
Q

Why was entertainment so important in the 30s? (3)

A

People had spare time

Helped people to cope (escapism)

38
Q

What sport was most popular with the working classes during the Depression? (1)

A

Boxing

39
Q

How did boxing offer a way out of Depression poverty? (2)

A

Local clubs paid for fights

People aimed to become famous

40
Q

Who was Tommy Farr? (3)

A

Welsh boxer from Tonypandy

“The man who almost beat Joe Louis” in 1938

41
Q

What percentage of British families owned a radio by 1939?

A

Nearly 75%

42
Q

How was the BBC important to the radio in the 30s? (4)

A

Set up in 1926
Aimed to inform and entertain
BBC Welsh Region in 1937 made programmes in Welsh

43
Q

How many cinema tickets were selling each week by 1939? (1)

A

Nearly 23 million

44
Q

How did children get cinema tickets? (1)

A

In return for collecting pop bottles

45
Q

How many viewers did the television have by 1939? (1)

A

50 000

46
Q

What was the television nicknamed during the Depression? (1)

A

The “cinema in the home”

47
Q

What facilities did Miners Institutes have? (4)

A

Snooker tables
Darts
Libraries
Dance halls

48
Q

Where were light industries situated? (2)

A

Midlands

South East England

49
Q

What items were produced by new industries? (4)

A

Cars, consumer goods, aircraft, branded food

50
Q

What powered old industries? (1)

A

Coal

51
Q

What powered new industries? (1)

A

Electricity

52
Q

When was the National Grid set up? (1)

A

1933

53
Q

What improved in prosperous areas during the 1930s? (3)

A

Housing
Roads
Rail transport

54
Q

How many houses were built in London between 1932 and 1935? (1)

A

3 million

55
Q

How many people left Wales between 1921 and 1938? What percentage was from Monmouthshire and Glamorgan (1, 1)

A

440 000 people

85%

56
Q

Who encouraged people to move to prosperous areas during the Depression? (1)

A

The Ministry of Labour

57
Q

Who was one of the biggest employers of Welsh migrants? (2)

A

Morris motors

Cowley in Oxford

58
Q

What problems did Welsh migrants have during the 1930s? (4)

A

Unwelcome
Low wages
Unskilled
Light industries could not employ everyone

59
Q

When was the Special Areas Act brought in? (1)

A

1934

60
Q

How much did the government policy to to encourage new industries to move to distressed areas? (1)

A

£2 million

61
Q

Where was Treforest Trading Estate? (1)

A

Between Pontypridd and Cardiff

62
Q

When was a new steelworks built in Ebbw Vale? (1)

A

1938

63
Q

How many additional jobs were created by the Special Areas Act of 1934? (1)

A

12 000

64
Q

What was the Special Areas Act of 1934? (2)

A

The government encouraged new industries to move to distressed areas

65
Q

What did critics say the Special Areas Act was? (2)

A

A gesture to be seen doing something

Not actually trying to solve the problem

66
Q

When did Britain come off the Gold Standard? What effects did this have?(1, 2)

A

1931
The value of the pound fell by 20%
British exports became affordable

History Britain 1931-1951 (3 decks)

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