POST TEST M2 (not correct ans)

Question 1

The process of coating particulate antigens with antibodies and/or complement components to make them more easily engulfed
by phagocytes is called?

a. Complement fixation
b. Opsonization
c. Immune complex fixation
d. Immune adherence

Answer 1

Opsonization

Question 2

Which biological process or system are MHC molecules primarily involved in?

a. Determining to which agents an individual response
b. Autoimmune disease
c. Graft rejection
d. All of the above

Answer 2

All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics is not typically associated with a strong immune response?

a. Large molecular weight
b. Internal complexity
c. Found on host cells
d. The presence of numerous epitopes

Answer 3

Found on host cells

Question 4

What is a defining feature of the endpoint method of radial immunodiffusion (RID)?

a. The diameter is plotted against the log of the concentration.
b. It is primarily a qualitative rather than a quantitative method
c. Concentration is directly proportional to the square of the diameter.
d. Readings are taken before equivalence is reached

Answer 4

Concentration is directly proportional to the square of the diameter.

Question 5

Which statement about IgM is FALSE?

a. Fixes complement
b. Can cross the placenta
c. A primary response antibody
d. Has a J chain

Answer 5

Can cross the placenta

Question 6

Which biological process was initially identified and characterized by the research of Élie Metchnikoff?

a. Opsonization
b. Humoral immunity
c. Variolation
d. Phagocytosis

Answer 6

Phagocytosis

Question 7

What is the specific density gradient solution employed in the separation of lymphocytes?

a. Ficoll medium
b. Phosphate buffered saline
c. Normal saline solution
d. None of the Above
Clear my choice

Answer 7

Ficoll medium

Question 8

8. What is the reason/purpose for inactivating serum?
   a.To destroy the native complement
   b. To stabilize the serologic properties of the serum
   c. To remove heat-labile anti-complementary substances
   d. All of the Above

Answer 8

All of the above

Question 9

The exact binding site of an antigen is called?
a. Paratope
b. Valence
c. Epitope
d. Any of the following

Answer 9

Epitope

Question 10

To meet FDA requirements, a vaccine must?

a. Produce protective immunity with only minimal side effects
b. Be immunogenic enough to produce a strong & measurable immune response
c. Be stable during its shelf life
d. All of the Above

Answer 10

All of the Above

Question 11

Glycoproteins in the serum portion of the blood that are considered part of humoral immunity.

a. Lysozyme
b. Complement
c. Commensal organisms
d. Immunoglobulin

Answer 11

Immunoglobulin

Question 12

Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?

a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE

Answer 12

IgG

Question 13

Which of the following cell types express antigens that are most likely to agglutinate with heterophile antibodies?

a. Horse erythrocytes
b. Human erythrocytes
c. Sheep erythrocytes
d. All of the Above

Answer 13

Sheep erythrocytes

Question 14

What is the advantage of VDRL vs RRP?

a. Serum inactivation is not needed in VDRL
b. CSF can be used as a specimen for VDRL
c. Reactions in VDRL can be seen macroscopically as dense flocculates
d. All of the above are advantages

Answer 14

CSF can be used as a specimen for VDRL

Question 15

What is the term for the initial force of attraction between an antigen and antibody?

a. Avidity
b. Affinity
c. Lattice formation
d. Precipitation

Answer 15

Affinity

Question 16

What is the term for the phenomenon where excess antibody leads to a false negative result in a precipitation reaction?

a. Prozone
b. Post zone
c. Zone of equivalence
d. Precipitation zone

Answer 16

Prozone

Question 17

What is the primary principle behind turbidimetry in precipitation reactions?
a. Measuring the amount of light absorbed by the solution
b. Measuring the amount of light scattered by the solution
c. Measuring the amount of light reflected by the solution
d. Measuring the amount of light transmitted through the solution

Answer 17

Measuring the amount of light transmitted through the solution

Question 18

What is the key difference between turbidimetry and nephelometry?

a. Turbidimetry measures scattered light, while nephelometry measures absorbed light.
b. Turbidimetry measures absorbed light, while nephelometry measures scattered light
c. Turbidimetry is more sensitive than nephelometry.
d. Nephelometry is more sensitive than turbidimetry.

Answer 18

Turbidimetry measures absorbed light, while nephelometry measures scattered light

Question 19

What is the “best” antibody for agglutination reactions?

a. IgG
b. IgE
c. IgA
d. IgM

Answer 19

IgM

Question 20

What is the primary focus of serology?

a. The study of the cellular components of blood
b. The study of the noncellular portion of blood
c. The study of the immune system’s function
d. The study of the circulatory system’s structure

Answer 20

The study of the immune system’s function

Question 21

Which of the following can be attributed to Pasteur?

a. Discovery of opsonin
b. Research on haptens
c. First attenuated vaccines
d. Discovery of the ABO blood groups

Answer 21

First attenuated vaccines

Question 22

Which of the following peripheral blood cells play a role in killing of parasites?

a. Neutrophils
b. Monocytes
c. Lymphocytes
d. Eosinophils

Answer 22

Eosinophils

Question 23

Antibodies are also referred to as?

a. Immunoglobulin
b. Haptens
c. Epitopes
d. Gamma globulins

Answer 23

Immunoglobulin

Question 24

Measurement of CRP levels can be used for all of the following, except?

a. Heart disease
b. Chronic inflammatory disease such as lupus
c. Determining active phases of rheumatoid arthritis
d. Skin infection
e. All of the above are related to CRP levels

Answer 24

Skin infection

Question 25

Which of the following is a characteristic/s of a complement?

a. Normally present in serum
b. Mainly synthesized by B cells
c. Present as active enzymes
d. Heat stable

Answer 25

Normally present in serum