POST SYNAPTIC RECEPTORS AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Question 1

ONE neuron can only have one type of neurotransmitter

Answer 1

true

Question 2

neurotransmitters can be excitatory or inhibitory depending on the target organ

Answer 2

true

Question 3

postsynaptic receptors- ionotropic receptors

Answer 3

• Ligand-gated ion channels
• Allows ions to travel into and out of the cell
• Rapid signaling between synapses

Question 4

postsynaptic receptors- metabotropic receptors

Answer 4

• Do not have ion channels

• Ligand binding activates the receptor
which actives G-proteins on inside
of cell membrane

• G-protein activates another
molecule (2nd messenger) which opens or close ion channels

• Slower but effects last longer

found in the digestive system

Question 5

neurotransmitters - amino acids

Answer 5

1. amino groups with a carboxyl group attached to the neurotransmitter.
2. Excitatory:
   •Glutamate
   • Aspartate

Inhibitory:
•Glycine
•Gamma-amino
butyric acid (GABA)

Question 6

neurotransmitters- biogenic amines

Answer 6

1. amino group attached to an aromatic group and both to 2 carbon chain

2. • Acetylcholine
• Dopamine
• Adrenaline
• Noradrenaline
• Serotonin
• Histamine

2,3,4 are synthesized by enzymes from tyrosine

Question 7

neurotransmitters-peptides

Answer 7

1. amino acids chains
2. endorphin

• Opioids

Question 8

neurotransmitters- other common neurotransmitters

Answer 8

Lipids: e.g. Anandamide (binds cannabinoid receptors) –euphoria.

Gases: NO (from arginine – vasodilation – erection)

Question 9

glutamate

Answer 9

1. influx of Na
2. increases tissue excitability
3. alcohol inhibits glutamate receptors causing blackout after excessive alcohol consumption

Question 10

GABA

Answer 10

1. major inhibitory

2. alcohol and sleeping tablets increase the activity of GABA

Question 11

3. acetylcholine

Answer 11

ANS and skeletal muscle

Question 12

noradrenaline

Answer 12

1. fight or flight response
2. CNS
3. sympathetic system

Question 13

at a chemical synapse, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles

Answer 13

true

Question 14

at a chemical synapse, neurotransmitter release is triggered by an increase in intracellular
Ca2+concentration.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

at a chemical synapse, the neurotransmitter binds to voltage-gated ion channels.

Answer 15

false

Question 16

at a chemical synapse an increase in the conductance of the postsynaptic membrane to
sodium results in an excitatory post-synaptic potential.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

at a chemical synapse an increase in the conductance of the postsynaptic membrane to
potassium results in an inhibitory post-synaptic potential.

Answer 17

true