Post Reconstruction Era (1890)

Question 1

Nadir of race relations

Answer 1

1890~1940

Height of racism towards blacks

Question 2

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 2

1880-1965

Racial segregation in south - “separate but equal”

Question 3

White supremacy groups

Answer 3

KKK 
Paramilitary groups (White Man's League, Red Shirts)

Question 4

Treatment of blacks (by KKK)

Answer 4

Lynching
Tarring and feathering
Burnings, beatings, brandings

Question 5

Cases where Supreme Court upheld segregation

Answer 5

1896 Plessey vs Fergusson - upheld de jure segregation (transport)
1899 Cumming vs Richmond County Board of Education - de kite segregation in schools
1896 Williams vs Mississippi - de jure segregation (voting)

Question 6

How did blacks try to improve their conditions during nadir of race relations?

Answer 6

Great Migration
Civil rights groups/leaders - Booker T Washington (Accomodationalist), called for black progress through education (Tuskegee Institute) - William Du Bois + Ida B Wells + others = NAACP, fight injustices - Marcus Garvey + UNIA, ‘black is beautiful’ - Asa Randolph + Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, black labour union, pushed to end segregation in armed forces
Harlem Renaissance (develop black culture)
Race riots

Question 7

great migration

Answer 7

first 1916-1930, second 1940-1970

south to north for better paying jobs however ghettoes, discrimination still in north

Question 8

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 8

social + cultural development caused by great migration, created black consciousness

Question 9

Roosevelt’s new deal

Answer 9

first 1933-1934 psychological support - speeches + fireside chats, practical support - alphabet agencies
second 1935-1936 radical reform policies - WPA, REA, National Relations Labour Act

Question 10

second world war

Answer 10

1941 exec order 8802, created FEPC
1948 exec order 9981
FEPC + CORE economic improvement for blacks
Double V campaign