Civil Rights Movement 1945-1968

Question 1

education in the 1950s

Answer 1

segregated schools
1954 Brown vs. Board of Education - NAACP supported Brown, Supreme Court rules schools not ‘separate but equal’, rules schools are to be desegregated
1957 Little Rock High School - South refused to listen to Court, President directly involved, school shut down (would rather no school than a desegregated one) forced to reopen as desegregated school
some schools went private to avoid desegregation

Question 2

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 2

1955
Rosa Parks
peaceful protest led by MLK
1956 Court rules segregation on buses illegal

Question 3

1960s sit ins

Answer 3

SNCC (student led), black + whites protesting (change in attitudes)

Question 4

Kennedy = political realist

Answer 4

reluctant to push for Civil Rights laws however employed many blacks to high level positions + strengthened Civil Rights Commission + put Johnson in charge of CEEO + pushed for Civil Rights Act before assassination

Question 5

March Against Fear

Answer 5

1966
James Meredith began, shot, MLK + Stokely Carmichael continue march (shows different activists with different ideas working together)

Question 6

Freedom Riders

Answer 6

1961
test out desegregation laws on transport
sponsered by CORE + SNCC

Question 7

Birmingham

Answer 7

1963

King hoped to change Kennedys attitude

Question 8

March on Washington

Answer 8

28th August 1963
significant! symbolic - Lincoln Memorial on anniversary of Emancipation Proclamation
led by Asa Randolph 
peaceful
televised
MLK "I have a dream"
JFK calls for civil rights act

Question 9

Civil Rights Act

Answer 9

1964
banned racial discrimination in employment
blacks given equal rights
EEOC set up

Question 10

Voting Rights Act

Answer 10

1965

stopped discrimination over right to vote

Question 11

fair housing act

Answer 11

1968

racial discrimination illegal in property market

Question 12

when was affirmative action first enforced

Answer 12

1965 exec order 11246 by Johnson

Question 13

civil rights leaders + organisations

Answer 13

MLK - peaceful, NAACP, 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott, President of SCLC 1957, arrested + jailed Birmingham 1963, 1863 March on Washington for jobs + freedom (“I have a dream”), pushed for Civil rights act + Voting act, socio-economic focus later on, assassinated Feb 1968
Malcolm X - violent, more peaceful later, Nation of Islam 1952, skilled orator (convinced young angry blacks to use violence to demand more rights), set up OAAU, assassinated 1965
Black Panther Party (Stokely Carmichael) + black power groups - violent
Smith + Carlos 1968 Olympics gave black power salute
people turn to more militant ways of protest after MLKs death (race riots)