Post natal growth Flashcards
Mid parental height
…
Height velocity
…
Phases of growth
…
Short stature
…
Growth disorders
Normal height velocity - familial
Poor height velocity - usually pathological
Proportionate - Endocrinology
Disproportionate - Skeletal pathology (achondroplasia)
Bone age
Allows estimate for predicted adult height
Growth hormone
Acts on all body parts Pulsatile release Mostly at night Increased sec. by exercise, stress, sleep Decreased sec. by obesity
Growth hormone releasing hormone is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates GH release from the pituitary gland act on all body cells. Negative feed back and somatostatin from hypothalamus inhibit it’s secretions.
Functions of GH
Inhibit glucose uptake and promotes glycogenolysis
Stimulates protein synthesis
Stimulates lipolysis
Laron syndrome
GH receptor deficiency
No cancer as no autocrine/paracrine effects
Estrogen in post-natal growth
Strong effects on bone growth (more than testosterone)
Promotes maturation of epiphyseal plate
- If no oestrogen in males then keep on growing
What to check if someone is growing properly
Thyroid hormone as they facilitate growth and GH secretion
Important growth hormones in foetal life
IGF-2
Insulin
Important growth hormones in childhood
IGF-1
T2 and T3
GH
Important growth hormones in puberty
IGF-1 IGF-2 Insulin T4 and T3 GH E2/T
Turners syndrome
Primary gonadal congenital failure
Should be considered in ALL girls with short stature
Presents with short stature, wide spread nipples, foot and hand oedema, neck webbing and increased carrying angle.
