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RDA > Placenta > Flashcards

Placenta Flashcards

1
Q

Chorionic Villi

A

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2
Q

Chorion Laeve/Smooth chorion

A

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3
Q

Chorion Frondosum

A

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4
Q

Preeclampsia: what is it, why it’s important to know, what causes it.

A

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5
Q

When does regression of certain villi occur

A

7.5 weeks

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6
Q

Other name for trophecotderm

A

Cytotrophoblasts

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7
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast

A

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8
Q

Primary Villi

A

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9
Q

Secondary Villi

A

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10
Q

Tertiary Villi

A

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11
Q

Order of cell type/layers of placenta

A

Syncytiotrophoblast -> Trophectoderm -> Extraembryonic mesemchymal cells.

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12
Q

Anchoring Villi

A

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13
Q

Transformed spiral arteries

A

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14
Q

Endovascular trophoblast

A

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15
Q

SGA/IUGR: What causes them and what are the consequence

A

Small for gestational age/ Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Mostly from poor fetal nutrition/lack of O2 supply

  • > Inadequate depth of endovascular trophoblast?
  • > Not enough transformed spiral arteries??
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16
Q

Trophoblast plug: Purpose and consequence

A

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17
Q

Function of placenta

A

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18
Q

Histiotrophic nutrition

A

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19
Q

Structural change of placenta

A

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20
Q

Decidua Basalis

A

Decidua underlying implantation site

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21
Q

Decidua Capsularis

A

Overlies implantation site

22
Q

Decidua Peritalis

A

Surrounds remaining uterus

23
Q

Placental Membranes

A

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24
Q

Umbilical membranes and conents

A

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25
Q

Whartons Jelly

A

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26
Q

Bohr effect

A

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27
Q

Functions of amniotic fluid

A

1) Buyoant medium for symmetrical growth
2) Protection from mild trauma
3) Prevents fetus adhesion to membranes (amniotic)
4) Allows fetal movement for muscle development
5) Allows foetal GI development (swallowing)

28
Q

Source of amniotic fluid

A

1) Maternal blood ultrafiltrate

2) Urine from baby (500-1200mls/day)

29
Q

Loss of amniotic fluid

A

1) Foetal Swallowing (500-1000mls/day)

2) Skin absorbtion prior to keratinization

30
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

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31
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

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32
Q

Placenta prevents transmission of:

A

Measles
HepB
Malaria

33
Q

Placenta does not prevent transmission of:

A

Rubella
HIV
CMV

34
Q

Betamethasone

A

Drug given to fetus via mother

Prevents respiratory distress syndrome

35
Q

Harmful drugs to fetus

A

Thalidomide

  • In early gestation 20-70 days after LMP during organogenesis
  • Causes limb reduction in babies
36
Q

Some general drugs contraindicated in pregnancy:

A

Alcohol, crosses placenta and can cause foetal alcohol syndrome

Warfarin, causes growth abnormalities.

Recreational drugs, can cause IUGR.

37
Q

hCG what is it

A

Gonadatropin similar a units different b unit.

38
Q

What are hCG tests show?

A

If pregnant
If twins? (hCG porportional to amount of syncytiotrophoblasts)
Health of embryo/foetus

39
Q

Functions of hCG:

A

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40
Q

Where is progesterone synthesised in humans?

A

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41
Q

How is PG synthesised in placent:

A

LDL-Cholesterol. Placenta has LDL-uptake receptors on surface.

42
Q

Functions of PG

A

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43
Q

Oestrogens in gestation, how are they produced?

A

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44
Q

Where does placental estrogen and progesterone end up?

A

Mostly in maternal blood >85%

45
Q

What causes pre eclampsia and whats treatment?

A

Triggered by something in placenta, delivery of placenta corrects hypertension and proteinuria.

46
Q

Cardiac adaptations of pregnancy

A

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47
Q

Causes and differentials of cardiac adaptations

A

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48
Q

Haematological changes of pregnancy

A

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49
Q

What increases risk of preeclampsia

A

A new partner and first pregnancy

Sexual intercourse with same partner for 12 months decreases risk of pre eclampsia.

50
Q

Immune system in pregnancy/placenta.

A

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51
Q

Abdominal wall and skin adaptations.

A

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RDA (7 decks)

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