Post Natal And Child Development

Question 1

What are the 4 phases of growth?

Answer 1

Foetal
Infantile
Childhood
Pubertal

Question 2

How much does foetal growth account for?
What is the major driving factor?

Answer 2

30%
Hyperplasia cell division

Question 3

How much does infantile growth contribute for?
What is the driving factor for it?
What part of the body grows the most?

Answer 3

15%
Nutrition
Length > head

Question 4

How much does childhood contribute to growth?
What factors drive it?

Answer 4

40%
Nutrition and endocrine

Question 5

How much does pubertal growth contribute?
What factors drive it?

Answer 5

15%
Sex hormones and fusion of growth plates

Question 6

What is ‘mini puberty?’
When does we start having activity of the HPG axis?
What is the role of this mini puberty?

Answer 6

As early as foetal stage
High level of gonadotrophin secretion towards end of first trimester and peaks mid pregnancy, then again 6 months after birth
Important for gonadal development and follicular development

Question 7

What are the developmental milestones during puberty?

Answer 7

Question 8

What are the developmental milestones by median age?
What are the developmental milestones domains?

Answer 8

Gross motor skills, vision and fine motor, hearing speech & language, social emotional & behavioural

Question 9

What hormones are the main drivers in prenatal and postnatal growth?

Answer 9

Prenatal: IGF-2 in embryos
IGF-1 in fetal and infant growth

Postnatal: hGH (human growth hormone)

Question 10

What are the baby reviews done under the NHS?
What do they each check for?

Answer 10

Newborn physical exam- 72hrs: weight, eyes, heart, hips and testes
Blood spot test- 7 days: CF, sickle cell, metabolic diseases
Newborn hearing test- 3-5 weeks
Infant physical exam- 6-8 weeks: with GP

Question 11

What are the two types of developmental delay?

Answer 11

Global- two or more domains
Specific- one developmental domain delay other than sensory