Post Midterm 2

Question 1

What does the “success” of a group depend on?

Answer 1

Origin of new indep lineages rate and extinction of lineages

Question 2

What kind of pattern does extinction follow?

Answer 2

Log linear

Question 3

What does the linearity suggest about extinction?

Answer 3

It is always equally likely

Question 4

Selection favors lineages with ___ rates of origination

Answer 4

Increased

Question 5

What are the only true random extinctions?

Answer 5

Mass extinction events

Question 6

What is Cope’s rule?

Answer 6

Body size of species in a lineage tends to increase over evolutionary time

Question 7

What is ontogeny?

Answer 7

Fetal shit

Question 8

What does biogenetic law state?

Answer 8

Ontogeny repeats phylogeny, essentially you can see the steps of evolution throughout development

Question 9

What is geometric transformation?

Answer 9

Think of of grid and that forming the silly putty in different ways can form new organisms

Question 10

What is Allometry?

Answer 10

Body parts not growing at the same rate

Question 11

What is the allometric equation?

Answer 11

Y=bxa
X and y are the two traits
A = allometric coefficient
B = constant

Question 12

How does allometry describe evolution of size and shape?

Answer 12

Different body parts evolving diff rates is how you get new shapes and sizes of animals

Question 13

What is heterochrony?

Answer 13

Another way to get different morphologies than allometry, having developmental programs happen at different times

Question 14

What are Hox genes?

Answer 14

Groups of related genes that related to parts of the head tail axis in animals

Question 15

How can macroevolution be explained with hox genes?

Answer 15

Changes in organisms can happen with changes in number of Hox genes, changes in their spatial expression, or changes in their gene interactions

Question 16

What is micro-evo-devo?

Answer 16

Study of how all the physiological variation has occurred

Question 17

Describe the forces on phenotypic variation

Answer 17

Evolutionary forces that control genotypes polymorphism and genotypes divergence which is also affected by polymorphism which both lead to developmental changes which ends up affecting phenotypic variation

Question 18

For entire genome matches, how often are humans and chimps closest in relation?

Answer 18

70% of the time

Question 19

When is the human-chimp split estimated to have happened?

Answer 19

5-7 MYA

Question 20

What came first: upright posture or enlarged brain?

Answer 20

Upright posture

Question 21

Did humans originate in Africa or other regions?

Answer 21

Africa but Neanderthals and stuff prob mixed in

Question 22

What is the evidence for local adaptation in humans?

Answer 22

Adaptations to environments with a severe challenge to survival and convergent adaptation in different populations

Question 23

How can there be recent human evolution if humans are 99.9% similar to one another?

Answer 23

Still a shit ton of variable sites

Question 24

Is lactase persistence coding or regulatory?

Answer 24

Regulatory because all humans have the lactase gene but you need to express it throughout your life

Question 25

Is European and African lactase persistence the same?

Answer 25

ALMOST the exact same, convergently evolved, both evolved at similar areas

Question 26

The evolution of lactase persistence when you see the frequency of lactase persistence in certain populations is direct evidence for ____ _____

Answer 26

Hard sweeps

Question 27

What caused this lactase persistence?

Answer 27

The arrival of cow domestication

Question 28

Is the evolution of high altitude the same for all places?

Answer 28

Nope, most are unique and there are several ways to solve it