Post menopausal bleeding

Question 1

Postmenopausal bleeding.

Answer 1

Never normal and always suspect cancer.
Irregular pattern

Question 2

Pathogenesis of Postmenopausal bleeding

Answer 2

No oestrogen or progesterone as a result no endometrium, and therefore bleeding coming else where, also therefore it is irregular.
bare in mind that obese women still produce oestrogen.

Question 3

Polyps

Answer 3

Yes, often endometrial cancer.
Usually from oestrogen produced by fat cells
usually spotting and irregular bleeding.

Question 4

Why can adenomyosis, leiomyoma, coagulaopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction and endometrial causes cannot be a cause if PMB.

Answer 4

No Hormones, therefore endometrium shrinks and no menstrual cycle.

Question 5

Malignancy

Answer 5

Yes, cervical and endometrial cancer

Question 6

Iatrogenic

Answer 6

Yes, can promote cancerous growth, especially unopposed oestrogen

Question 7

Atrophy

Answer 7

Common, less oestrogen leads to genital become friable and thin with a lack of lubriation.
the uterus as well, no endometrium cause the walls to rub against each other leading to bleeds

Question 8

Hyperplasia

Answer 8

Endometrium very thick
No endometrium in PM women
one step from cancer
Usually adipose tissue.