Menopause

Question 1

Menopause

Answer 1

No periods for 12 months, usually 51 but between 49-55

Question 2

Perimenopause

Answer 2

Leading up to final menses and a year thereafter

Question 3

Symptoms of perimenopause

Answer 3

Menstrual irregularity
hot flushes and night sweats
Muscle and joint aches and breast tenderness
insomnia, mood changes ane vaginal dryness

Question 4

Ovarian Failure

Answer 4

Menopause before 45 years

Question 5

the affects of decrease oestrogen.

Answer 5

Vasomotor symptoms
CVS risk
bone loss
Urogenital atrophy

Question 6

Long term risks of perimenopause.

Answer 6

CVS
Osteoporosis
Cancer
Cognitive decline

Question 7

Menstrual Irregularity management in perimenopausal women

Answer 7

Exclude cancer (pap smear and endometrial sample)
MHT and progesterone: regulates cycle
NSAIDS: decreases blood loss

Question 8

Indications for MHT

Answer 8

Vasomotor symptoms
Menstrual irregularities
Urogenital atrophy
Osteoporosis
Premature ovarian failure

Question 9

Contra-indication for MHT

Answer 9

Breast cancer
Prev DVT
Thrombophillias
Active liver disease
CVS Disease (for older people only, who are not as fit)
Blood in urine

Question 10

Oestrogen only therapy

Answer 10

not for women with a uterus

Question 11

Progestin and oestrogen therapy

Answer 11

Sequential ( different dosages)
Continuous (same dosages)

Question 12

Breast cancer a contraindication.

Answer 12

only in first degree family

Question 13

General principles of MHT management

Answer 13

Clear indication
no contraindication
detailed risk assessment
Full informed consent
Baseline mammogram and bone mineral density
Lowest dose for shortest duration
Route
Side effects
annual follow-up