Post Lab Extended Ver: Enzyme Flashcards
are biological catalysts
Enzyme
They catalyze nearly all the chemical reactions taking place in the cells
of the body
Enzyme
Enzymes are ____ that increase the rate of reaction by looking for an
alternative pathway that has a low energy of activation
Enzymes are proteins
CHARACTERISTICS of Enzymes
- They are not altered or consumed during reaction
- Reusable
- Enzymes show specificity
- Enzymes are sensitive to their environment
Catalysis can be upto ____ increase
10^20
Types of Enzymes
Simple and Conjugated Enzyme
What is Simple Enzyme
Does not need any additional non/protein molecule
What is Conjugated Enzyme
Needs additional non-protein molecule and cofactor
Activated Enzyme or Non-Activated Enzyme:
Holoenzyme
Activated Enzyme
Activated Enzyme or Non-Activated Enzyme:
Apoenzyme
Non-Activated Enzyme and needs cofactor
What are the 2 types of Cofactor
Coenzyme and Prosthetic groups
Cofactor that is:
➔ large organic molecule
➔ loosely bound to
apoenzyme
Coenzyme
Cofactor that is:
➔ usually small inorganic
molecule or atom;
➔ usually tightly bound to
apoenzyme
Prosthetic groups
The area on the enzyme where the substrate or
substrates is/are attached to
Active Site
the reactant in the chemical reaction
Substrate
is a non-protein chemical compound that is bound (either
tightly or loosely) to an enzyme and is required for catalysis
Cofactor
Chemical reactions need an initial input of energy
= THE ACTIVATION ENERGY
a state where enzyme bond with substrate
Transition State
The substrate binds to the enzyme primarily through
_____ bonding and other ______
hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions
The name of an enzyme in many cases end in
–ase
Six functional Classes of Enzymes
Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolases
Lyases
Isomerases
6. Ligases
Catalyze only one reaction for single
substrates
Absolute Specific Enzyme
Catalyze only one reaction for
substrates with similar functional
groups
Group Specific Enzyme
One type of reaction for a specific type
of bond
Linkage-Specific Enzyme
act on a particular stereoisomer.
Chirality is inherent in an enzyme active
site
Stereospecific Enzyme
