post-industrial britain (s+c factors that affected sports)

Question 1

what were the 7 social and cultural factors that affected the participation of sports?

Answer 1

• social class
• gender
• law and order
• availability of transport
• availability of money
• availability of time
• education of literacy

Question 2

what year was post-industrial britain?

Answer 2

1850-1900

Question 3

what was different about post-industrial britain than pre-industrial britain?

Answer 3

• there was growth of cities (urbanisation) which meant lack of free, open space
• there was now 3 social classes
• railways developed rapidly
• introduction of police force meant increasingly defined law and order
• women still experiencing inequality but fighting against it
• public schools for upper class males

Question 4

what was there a clearer distinction between during this time?

Answer 4

work and leisure time

Question 5

what was introduced with the introduction of state schools, what did this do?

what was still similar about the upper class?

Answer 5

pe: increased participation, particularly in women

• there was growing sport activities for the lower classes but the upper class still had access to more time and money

Question 6

what types of sports/games did factory owners discourage and encourage, why?

Answer 6

discouraged mob games
encouraged codified games

because they needed a healthy workforce

Question 7

how did animal baiting, hunting and fighting change from pre-industrial britain?

Answer 7

• animal baiting for the working class declined with changes in law
• however, upper class pursuits were protected

Question 8

what was fighting codified into and what type of animal sport grew in popularity?

Answer 8

boxing

horse racing

Question 9

what was association football?

Answer 9

codified in public schools from mob games into association football

Question 10

how did cricket change/stay the same?

Answer 10

same:
- continued class split in roles
- lower class bowled, upper class batted

changed:
- social division further preserved (e.g. separate changing rooms, lower class cleaned the kit)

Question 11

what was another sport that was introduced in post-industrial britain?

Answer 11

rugby

Question 12

factors of social class (during this time)

Answer 12

• social class divisions were more prominent
• introduction of middle class (factory owners)

Question 13

effect of social class of sport

Answer 13

• different classes played different sport
• in some sports, different classes had different roles
• lower class sometimes professionals, middle and upper class always amateurs
• saturday half day
• lower class still had a lot less access to sport

Question 14

effect on gender in sports

Answer 14

• gradual increase in women participating (started with pe)
• still lower participation in females compared to males

Question 15

how did the development of the police force effect sports?

Answer 15

• more defined laws
• decline of violent sports
• limited changes to cruel activities for the upper class
• codification of sports brought rules and regulations

Question 16

how did education and literacy effect sports?

Answer 16

• increases access to a range of sports for the working class
• resulted in an increase of participation

Question 17

what did factory owners view sport as?

Answer 17

a way to keep workers healthy and loyal

Question 18

effect of availability of time for sport

Answer 18

• growing participation and more energy to participate for lower class due to slightly reduced working hours
• saturday half day increases participation
• lower class still had less time for sport compared to upper class

Question 19

what type of transport was developed?

Answer 19

railways

Question 20

effect of transport on sport

Answer 20

• teams could travel for national and international games

Question 21

effect of availability of money on sport

Answer 21

• working class still lacked disposable income so couldn’t access certain sports (equipment, facilities etc)

Question 22

what did it mean if you were an amateur?

Answer 22

you took part got the love of the game and for no monetary reward

Question 23

what did it mean if you were a professional?

Answer 23

you took part to be paid

which made winning more important and increased the competitiveness